Frequency of impacted in orthodontic patients visiting KMDC

Objective: To determine the frequency of impacted canines in orthodontics patients visiting KMDC

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Dental OPD of Karachi Medical Dental College, Karachi from July 2015 to December 2015

Materials and Methods: A sample size of 262 patients was taken. All the patients were 16 years or above. Diagnosis of canine impaction was made on clinical examination and OPG. Patients with history of extractions and trauma, cleft lip and palate and patients with syndrome were excluded from the study. Blurred OPG and inappropriate taken OPG of patients were also excluded. All the clinical examination and OPG analysis was done by same person

Results: Out of 262 patients 66 [25.1%] were male and 196 [74.9%] were female. Mean age of the patients were 19.6 years. Canine impaction was found to be 3.8% i.e. 10 patients have canine impactions. 3.04% patients have maxillary canine impactions and 0.76% patients have mandibular canine impactions. Male to female ratio was 1:4

Conclusion: A much higher frequency of impacted maxillary and mandibular canines was observed in our study. Male to female ratio is 1:4. Maxillary canines were impacted more frequently than mandibular. Left sides were most affected in the maxilla and mandible

Prevalence of tooth transposition among Pakistani population

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of tooth transposition among Pakistani population

Study Design: Observational / descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontics Karachi Medical and College, Karachi from September 2013 to April 2014

Materials and Methods: This study was done with panaromic radiographs of 530 subjects [210 males, 320 females]. For each patient variables like age, sex, presence of tooth transposition, type, location and classification of tooth transposition

Results: Tooth transposition was found in 09 subjects [1.69%] [8 females and 1 male]. The most commonly involved transposition was found was found in Maxillary canine and lateral incisor [66.67 %]. The frequency of complete transposition was 30% [3 out of 10], it was found more on left side than right side [7/3]. All transpositions were found in maxilla

Conclusion: The tooth transposition was found in 1.69% in a sample of Pakistani population and transposition between upper canine and lateral incisor was the most commonly observed transposition

Frequency of hypodontia in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi

To compare frequency of missing teeth in samples of population from Karachi. Cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Karachi Medical and Dental College from October 2011 to October 2012. During the study period, 465 panoramic radiographs were evaluated and according to exclusion and inclusion criteria 309 panoramic radiographs were selected, out of which 109 [35.27%] were males and 200 [64.73%] were females. The patients were 12-25 years old. Data were collected and entered into the SPSS software [version 18; Chicago] to calculate frequencies, percentages and mean +/- SD. 02 males were found with hypodontia [1.83%] while 10 females were found with hypodontia [5%]. Few teeth like maxillary central incisors, 1[st] premolar and 1[st] molar in both arches show no congenital absence. A total of 17 teeth, [males = 3, females = 14] in 12 patients were congenitally missing. The most common congenitally missing teeth were maxillary left 2 incisor 23.52% followed by mandible left 2 pre-molar 17.64%. By early detection of missing teeth, alternative treatment modalities can be planned and minimize the complications of CMT. In this study it has been observed that among the population of Karachi threshold for agenesis of maxillary left 2nd incisors is the most commonly missing, followed by mandibular 2[nd] premolars

survey of the composite curing units used in the dental institutions of Karachi, Pakistan

To evaluate the light intensity output of the composite curing units used in the dental institutions of Karachi. It was a cross sectional study in which a total of 29 halogen composite curing units were examined. The light intensity output was measured using Cure-Rite meter. A cut off of 300mW/cm was taken as adequate light output. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. Level of significance was kept at 0.05. The mean light output intensity was 345.2 mW/cm [SD 251.1 mW/cm]. Out of 18 units at undergraduate institutions, 11 had poor light output while 3 out of 11 at postgraduate institutions had poor light output. The condition of light cure unit's casing had a significant association with the light output [p-value of 0.011]. About half of the curing units at the dental institutions have poor light intensity output which may result in an inadequate quality of dental service. This is an alarming situation for the clinicians. As mishandling of the equipment is a leading cause of its poor performance, the external casing of the light cure unit can be taken as a proxy for its light output

Reliability of landmark identification among orthodontic residents using traditional and indirect digital cephalometry

To determine the inter examiner reliability of landmark identification among Orthodontic Residents using Traditional and Indirect Digital Cephalometry and to determine the intra examiner reliability of landmark identification. A cross-sectional study of six months duration done at Orthodontics Department of KMDC. One conventional Lateral Cephalometric radiograph was randomly selected. Study subjects were 8 residents with mean age was 28.8 years, with a range of 27.5 to 31 years. Cephalometeric tracing was done and landmarks S or Sella, N or Nasion A or Point A, B or Point B, Pog or Pogonion, Gn or Gnathion, Go or Gonion, Me or Menton, Or or Orbitale, Ba or Basion, API or apex of upper incisor, APT or apex of lower incisor were identified using traditional method by an Orthodontic consultant and then tracing was scanned and digitized to obtain the Indirect Digital Cepha image. The same cepha was asked to trace by all 8 study subjects. Kappa statistics was applied to see the agreement between the residents for landmarks identification in conventional and indirect digital cephalograph. Results: The study subjects were 8 orthodontic residents [3 males and 5 females]. Residents had excellent agreement for landmark identification on the conventional and the indirect digital cephalogram. The value of agreement for inter-examiner and intra-examiner reliability was found to be 0.80 [CI: 0.71, 0.89] and 0.83 [CI: 0.79, 0.87] respectively. The reliability of landmark identification was good among residents for both the conventional and the indirect digital cephalometery

Frequency of class-III malocclusion reported in dental OPD, Karachi medical dental college

To determine the frequency of Class-III malocclusion reported Orthodontic department in Karachi Medical Dental College, Pakistan. It was a cross sectional study of orthodontic patients. With convenience sampling a total of 384 patients [267 girls, 117 boys] referred to the Department of Orthodontics, Karachi Medical Dental College, were evaluated in this study. The mean age of the patients was 11.86 +/- 3.16 years. There malocclusion were classified from I, II [Div-1 and Div-2 with sub division right and left], and III, and recorded according to angle classifications. Class-III malocclusion was the least common malocclusion present in the major category of malocclusion and found 8.1% of the samples. Class-III malocclusion requires very early treatment then class-II and Class I malocclusion and has totally reverse treatment philosophy. Having the lower frequency of Class-III malocclusion in the population makes doctor to focus more in later age group and puts less burden on health resources as more patients of Class-II and I can be treated using the same resources. The type of malocclusion, also an important factor that affects a patient's motivation to seek treatment

Pattern of orbital injuries presenting to a teaching hospital in Karachi

The purpose of the Study is to identify the frequency pattern and causes of orbital injuries. The study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi over a period of one year from February 2004 to January 2005. A convenience sample of all patients presenting with orbital trauma were included. A 6-item questionnaire with various variables was used to record the parameters. The parameters including age, gender, referral source, cause of injury, site of injury and imaging methods were evaluated. All injuries were assessed and recorded by a single observer. Total study sample was 100 subjects. Male preponderance with male: female ratio of 6:1 approximately, 86%males and 14% females, the mean age of the sample was 29 year. The most common cause of injury was recorded as road traffic accidents 57% followed by assault 19% and fall accounted for 15%. The most common site involved right orbit and the most common site of orbital fracture was inferior orbital rim followed by orbital floor fracture. This study demonstrated that the most common cause of orbital injury was road traffic accidents and inferior orbital rim was involved most frequently