Ultrasonographic Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Different Age Groups.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine disorder with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26%. The incidence is gradually increasing in India. In most studies, adult women ages 18-45 years were found affected. It is characterized by presence of any two of the three features i.e., amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and presence of more than 10 cysts, 2-8 mm in diameter in pelvic ultrasound scan. Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the ultrasonographic (USG) prevalence of PCOS in different age groups. Methodology: It was a hospital data-based prevalence study. The data for this study was extracted from USG record of Radiology Unit of NIUM, Hospital, Bangalore. One thousand USG reports were recorded and they were divided into three age groups with class intervals of 10 years, starting from 15 years. In different age groups, USG prevalence of PCOS was observed. Results and conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of PCOS, it was observed that the maximum patients were found in the age group of 15-24 years and least patients were found in the age group of 35-44 years. It was concluded that PCOS is high in early reproductive age group and incidence gradually decreases as the age advances.

Exceptional Case of Omphalocele (Exomphalos Major).

An unregistered case of a 27-year-old multipara with 8 years married life was admitted on 3/11/09 at 10.30 pm with complaints of tightness of abdomen, backache and draining per vagina and delivered a fetus of 19 weeks in cephalic presentation with omphalocele (i.e., stomach, liver, bowel and bladder protruding into the proximal part of umbilical cord) on 5/11/09 at 9.00 pm at Sameena Maternity and Nursing Home, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.

A Case Report on Female Pseudohermaphroditism: An Ambiguous Genitalia.

Ambiguous genitalia is a birth defect of the sex organs that makes it unclear whether an affected newborn is a girl or a boy. This condition occurs approximately 1 in every 4,500 births that causes gynecological and obstetrical problems. Defects of the external genital organs (penis, testes, or clitoris) usually result from abnormal levels of sex hormones in the fetus before birth. A 30-year-old primi with 38 weeks of pregnancy was admitted on August 21, 2011 at 8.45 PM with complaints of mild lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound scan on the same day showed a single 38 weeks live intrauterine fetus of ambiguous genitalia with breech presentation. Emergency lower segment cesarean section was performed on August 22, 2011 at 10.55 PM and the patient delivered a baby with ambiguous genitalia having both clitoris and penis. This diagnosed to be a case of female pseudohermaphroditism caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia because babies who are born with ambiguous genitalia having external genital organs that do not appear clearly male or female or have features of both, but have female internal reproductive organs are known as female pseudohermaphrodities.