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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 56: e0104, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449338

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Autophagy can inhibit the survival of intracellular microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role. This study investigated the association between PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway autophagy-related gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility. Methods: KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) databases were searched for genes belonging to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and autophagy pathways. Thirty SNPs in nine genes were identified and tested for their associations with tuberculosis in 130 patients with PTB and 271 controls. We constructed genetic risk scores (GRSs) and divided the participants into 3 subgroups based on their GRSs:0-5, 6-10, and 11-16. Results: This analysis revealed that the AKT1 (rs12432802), RPTOR (rs11654508, rs12602885, rs2090204, rs2589144, and rs2672897), and TSC2 (rs2074969) polymorphisms were significantly associated with PTB risk. A decreasing trend was observed (P trend 0.020), in which a lower GRS was associated with a higher risk of PTB ([6-10] vs. [0-5]: OR (95%CI) 0.590 (0.374-0.931); [11-16] vs. [0-5]: OR (95%CI) 0.381 (0.160-0.906)). Conclusions: Polymorphisms in AKT1, RPTOR, and TSC2 may influence susceptibility to PTB.

2.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406868

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Although tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health concern, we still don't understand why only 10% of people infected will develop the disease. Apoptosis plays a role in the interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with the human host and it may be modified by subtle alterations in the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) gene, an anti-apoptotic regulatory element. Therefore, we investigated whether there is an association between BCL2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to TB by analyzing 130 TB cases, 108 subjects with latent TB infection (LTBI), and 163 healthy controls (HC). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) for possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BCL2 and the risk of tuberculosis. We found that the G allele of rs80030866 (OR=0.62, 95%CI:0.42-0.91, P=0.015), and also the G allele of rs9955190 (OR=0.58, 95%CI:0.38-0.88, P=0.011) were less frequent in the TB group compared with the LTBI group. In addition, individuals with rs2551402 CC genotype were more likely to have LTBI than those with AA genotype (OR=2.166, 95%CI:1.046-4.484, P=0.037). Our study suggests that BCL2 gene polymorphisms may be correlated with susceptibility to both TB and LTBI.

3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(1): 151-158, Jan.-Mar. 2017. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-839342

RESUMO

Abstract Although infections with NonTuberculous Mycobacteria have become less common in AIDS patients, they are important opportunistic infections after surgical procedures, likely because they are ubiquitous and not efficiently killed by many commonly used disinfectants. In Venezuela there have recently been many non-tuberculous mycobacteria soft tissue infections after minor surgical procedures, some apparently related to the use of a commercial disinfectant based on a Quaternary Ammonium Compound. We studied the activity of this and other quaternary ammonium compounds on different non-tuberculous mycobacteria by transforming the mycobacteria with a dnaA-gfp fusion and then monitoring fluorescence to gauge the capacity of different quaternary ammonium compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration varied for the different quaternary ammonium compounds, but M. chelonae and M. abscessus were consistently more resistant than M. smegmatis, and M. terrae more resistant than M. bovis BCG.


Assuntos
Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmídeos/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/classificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética
4.
Invest. clín ; 58(1): 3-21, mar. 2017. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841133

RESUMO

Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasas tipo KPC es uno de los principales agentes causante de infecciones nosocomiales a nivel mundial. En Venezuela se han identificado aislados de esta bacteria, sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre su dispersión. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar la epidemiología molecular de aislados de K. pneumoniae productores de KPC provenientes de dos hospitales públicos ubicados en los estados Carabobo y Zulia. Se seleccionaron 32 aislados de K. pneumoniae clasificados fenotípicamente como productores de KPC, se les realizó la detección del gen bla KPC así como su ubicación en el transposón Tn4401 a través de PCR. El producto de PCR del gen blaKPC se secuenció para identificar los alelos circulantes. El análisis genotípico se realizó empleando las técnicas de amplificación por PCR de las secuencias repetidas extragénicas palindrómicas (rep-PCR) y la secuenciación de múltiples loci (MLST). Mediante ensayos de conjugación, se determinó si los genes bla KPC se encontraban en moléculas plasmídicas.Los resultados indican que los 32 aislados contenían la variante del gen bla KPC-2 asociada a la isoforma Tn4401 b y se distribuyeron en 9 secuencias tipo (ST), siendo una de ellas nueva. Los ensayos de conjugación indican que el 87,5% de los aislados tienen al gen bla KPC en plásmidos movilizables. En estos hospitales el gen bla KPC-2 se está dispersando a través de plásmidos que llevan al transposón Tn4401 b. Las ST más comunes pertenecen a los Complejos Clonales CC258 y CC147, que desempeñan un papel importante en la dispersión de la resistencia a carbapenemes a nivel mundial.


Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria ( K. pneumoniae carbapenemase ) are the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections worldwide. These isolates have been identified in Venezuela, but little is known about their local spread. The aim of this study was to perform molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolated from two public hospitals in the Carabobo and Zulia states of Venezuela. Thirty-two K. pneumoniaei solates, phenotypically classified as KPC producers were subjected to PCR to detect the presence of bla KPC genes and their location within transposon Tn4401 , and the bla KPC product was sequenced to identify the KPC allele. Genotypic analysis was performed using repeated extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) and Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). Finally, a conjugation assay determined whether the bla KPC genes were carried on transferable plasmids. The results indicate that the 32 isolates contained the bla KPC-2 variant associated with isoform Tn4401 b, and were distributed in nine sequence types (ST), one of which was new. Conjugation assays indicate that 87.5% of the isolates contain the gene bla KPC on mobilizable plasmids. In these hospitals, the bla KPC-2 gene is spreading through the plasmids carrying the transposon Tn4401 b. The most common ST belongs to Clonal Complexes CC258 and CC147, which play an important role in the dispersion of resistance to carbapenems worldwide.


Assuntos
Humanos , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Venezuela , beta-Lactamases/genética , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Epidemiologia Molecular , Hospitais Públicos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
5.
Invest. clín ; 57(1): 25-37, mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841096

RESUMO

La técnica de espoligotipaje y el método de unidades repetitivas micobacterianas interdiseminadas y número variable de repetidos tándem (MIRU-VNTR) 24 loci se emplean para estudiar la epidemiología molecular de tuberculosis. En el presente trabajo evaluamos la discriminación del método MIRU-VNTR 24 loci solo y en asociación con espoligotipaje en aislados clínicos de M. tuberculosis en Venezuela, la diversidad alélica de los 24 loci, y el poder discriminativo para la combinación de 24 y 15 loci, 12 loci tradicionales (12t), aquellos con más alta diversidad alélica y una nueva combinación que denominamos 12 inv. Se estudiaron 104 cepas de diferentes linajes y 431 cepas de la familia Latin-America y Mediterráneos (LAM). Los loci 4052, 2163b, 424 y 2996 presentaron la más alta diversidad alélica. Las tasas de agrupamiento de MIRU-VNTR 24 loci, espoligotipaje y MIRU-VNTR combinado con espoligotipaje para 104 aislados fueron de 18,27%, 71,15% y 14,4%, respectivamente, mientras que para cepas LAM fue de 43,2%, 95,8% y 37,4%. Las combinaciones de 15, 12inv y 4 loci MIRU-VNTR mas discriminativos, fueron más discriminatorios que 12t. Las tasas de agrupamiento para 15 y 12inv MIRU VNTR acoplados a espoligotipaje en los 104 aislados fueron de 21% y 23%, mientras que para cepas LAM fue de 52% y 46% respectivamente. El número de patrones diferentes fue similar para 12inv y 15 loci. Se propone el uso de un número reducido de loci MIRU-VNTR informativos acoplado a espoligotipaje para estudios de la transmisión de la tuberculosis en Venezuela.


The techniques of spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit and variable-number tandem repeat typing with 24 loci (MIRU-VNTR-24), have been used to study the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was: to evaluate the discriminative power of MIRU-VNTR 24 loci alone and in association with spoligotyping in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in Venezuela; the allelic diversity of the 24 loci; and the discriminative power for the combination of 24 and 15 loci, 12 traditional loci (12t), those with higher allelic diversity and a new combination named 12inv. We analyzed one set of 104 strains of different lineages and a second set of 431 strains belonging to the Latin-America and Mediterranean lineage (LAM) that is predominant in Venezuela. The determination of allelic diversity showed that 4052, 2163b, 424 y 2996 are highly discriminative. Clustering rates of MIRU-VNTR 24 loci, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR combined with spoligotyping for 104 isolates were 18.27%, 71.15% and 14.4%, respectively, whereas with the 431 LAM strains the values were 43.2 %, 95.8% and 37.4%. MIRU-VNTR combinations of 15, 12inv and 4 loci were more discriminatory than 12t. Clustering rates for MIRU-VNTR 15 and 12inv loci coupled with spoligotyping in the 104 isolated was 21% and 23%, while for LAM strains was 52% and 46% respectively. The number of different genetics patterns for 15 and 12inv loci were similar. In conclusion, we propose the use of a small number of informative loci MIRU-VNTR coupled to spoligotyping to investigate the transmission of tuberculosis in Venezuela.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Venezuela , Epidemiologia Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação
6.
Invest. clín ; 55(4): 332-351, dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-783088

RESUMO

Sucre municipality is a large, densely populated marginal area in the eastern part of Caracas, Venezuela that consistently has more cases of tuberculosis than other municipalities in the country. To identify the neighborhoods in the municipality with the highest prevalence of tuberculosis, and determine whether the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain distribution in this municipality is different from that previously found in the western part of Caracas and the rest of Venezuela, we collected data on all tuberculosis cases in the municipality diagnosed in 2005-6. We performed two separate molecular epidemiological studies, spoligotyping 44 strains in a first study, and spoligotyping 131 strains, followed by MIRU-VNTR 15 on 21 clustered isolates in the second. With spoligotyping, the most common patterns were Shared International Type SIT17 (21%); SIT42 (15%); SIT93 (11%); SIT20 (7%); SIT53 (6%), a distribution similar to other parts of Venezuela, except that SIT42 and SIT20 were more common. MIRU-VNTR 15 showed that six of seven SIT17 strains examined belonged to a large cluster previously found circulating in Venezuela, but all of the SIT42 strains were related to a cluster centered in the neighborhoods of Unión and Maca, with a MIRU-VNTR pattern not previously seen in Venezuela. It appears that a large percentage of the tuberculosis in the Sucre municipality is caused by the active transmission of two strain families centered within distinct neighborhoods, one reflecting communication with the rest of the country, and the other suggesting the insular, isolated nature of some sectors.


El municipio Sucre es un área densamente poblada del este de Caracas, Venezuela, con más casos de tuberculosis que otros municipios del país. Para establecer las áreas en el municipio Sucre con la mas alta prevalencia de tuberculosis y determinar sí la distribución de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis es diferente de las encontradas previamente en el Oeste de Caracas y el resto de Venezuela, se recolectaron los datos de todos los casos diagnosticados de tuberculosis en el municipio en el 2005-6. Además, se aplicaron dos estudios de epidemiología molecular, el primero con 44 aislados en 2006 y el segundo con 131 aislados del 2006 al 2011, todos caracterizados por spoligotyping. Fue aplicada la técnica MIRU VNTR15 sobre 21 aislados agrupados. Con spoligotyping, los patrones encontrados fueron SIT17 (21%); SIT42 (15%); SIT93 (11%); SIT20 (7%); SIT53 (6%), presentando una distribución similar en otras partes de Venezuela, con la diferencia de que el SIT42 y el SIT20 fueron comunes en el municipio. MIRU VNTR15 mostró que seis de las siete cepas SIT17 pertenecían a un gran grupo encontrado previamente en Venezuela, mientras las cepas SIT42, estaban relacionados a un grupo concentrado en los Barrios Unión y Maca, con un patrón MIRU VNTR no visto previamente en Venezuela. Los resultados indicarían que un gran porcentaje de tuberculosis en el municipio Sucre es causada por transmisión activa de dos familias, una reflejando comunicación con el resto del país, y otra sugiriendo que es un aislado propio de algunos Barrios del municipio.


Assuntos
Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Análise por Conglomerados , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Projetos Piloto , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Características de Residência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Especificidade da Espécie , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , População Urbana , Venezuela/epidemiologia
7.
Invest. clín ; 55(1): 44-54, mar. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-746284

RESUMO

Mutations in the CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients have geographic differences and there is scant data on their prevalence in Venezuelan patients. This study determined the frequency of common CFTR gene mutations in these patients. We amplified and sequenced exons 7, 10, 11, 19, 20 and 21, which contain the most common CFTR mutations, from 105 Venezuelan patients in the National CF Program. Eleven different mutations were identified, four with frequencies greater than 1%: p.Phe508del (26,17%), p.Gly542X (3,33%), p.Arg334Trp (1,43%) and p.Arg1162X (1.43%). No mutations were found in 63.3% of patients. This report represents the largest group of Venezuelan CF patients ever examined and includes a wider mutation panel than has been previously studied in this population. Southern European CFTR mutations predominate in the Venezuelan population, but a high percentage of the causative alleles remain unidentified.


Mutaciones en el gen CFTR en pacientes con Fibrosis Quística tienen diferencias geográficas y hay escasos datos de su prevalencia en pacientes Venezolanos. Este estudio determinó la frecuencia de mutaciones comunes presentes en el gen CFTR en estos pacientes. Nosotros examinamos los exones 7, 10, 11, 19, 20 y 21, que contienen las mutaciones más comunes reportadas, de pacientes Venezolanos del Programa Nacional de FQ, usando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y secuenciación automatizada. Once mutaciones diferentes fueron identificadas en 105 pacientes estudiados. Las mutaciones con frecuencias mayores a 1% fueron p.Phe508del (26,17%), p.Gly542X (3,33%), p.Arg334Trp (1,43%) y p.Arg1162X (1.43%). En el 63,35 de los pacientes ninguna mutación fue encontrada. Este reporte representa el grupo más grande de pacientes Venezolanos con FQ que ha sido examinado e incluido en el más amplio panel de mutaciones que ha sido examinado en esta población. Las mutaciones en el gen CFTR predominantes en el sur de Europa resultan ser las más predominantes en la población venezolana, pero un alto número de alelos resulta aún desconocido.


Assuntos
Humanos , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Fibrose Cística/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Mutação Puntual , Deleção de Sequência , Alelos , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Éxons/genética , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Venezuela/epidemiologia
8.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 45(1): 21-6, mar. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171772

RESUMO

The relation of ethambutol resistance to embB mutations remains unclear, and there are no reports on ethambutol resistance from the caribbean. We examined the sequence of embB in 57 distinct Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and non-MDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mostly from Cuba and the Dominican Republic. embB306 codon mutations were found exclusively in MDR-TB, but in both ethambutol sensitive and resistant strains. Valine substitutions predominated in ethambutol resistant strains, while isoleucine replacements were more common in sensitive strains. Three ethambutol resistant MDR strains without embB306 substitutions had replacements in embB406 or embB497, but these were also found in ethambutol sensitive MDR strains. The results confirm previous findings that amino acid substitutions in EmbB306, EmbB406 and EmbB497 are found only in MDR-TB strains but in both phenotypically resistant and sensitive strains. One ethambutol resistant non-MDR strain did not have any embB mutation suggesting that other undefined mutations can also confer ethambutol resistance.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Etambutol/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Pentosiltransferases/genética , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Cuba/epidemiologia , Códon/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Humanos , Mutação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Pentosiltransferases/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia
9.
Invest. clín ; 51(4): 445-455, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630903

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia a isoniacida (INH), rifampicina (RIF), estreptomicina (STR) y etambutol (EMB) de 59 cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, aisladas en el período agosto 2005-diciembre 2006, en el estado Sucre, Venezuela, empleando el método de proporciones de Canetti y de nitrato reductasa. Se encontró 6,3% de resistencia primaria y 14,3% de adquirida. Una cepa fue considerada MDR, al presentar resistencia a RIF e INH. Se comparó la prueba de nitrato reductasa con el método de las proporciones, encontrándose 100% de concordancia entre los resultados de los dos métodos para INH, RIF y EMB, y 95,65% para STR. Además, la prueba nitrato reductasa produjo resultados en 10 a 14 días, comparado con 42 días para el método de proporciones, por lo que la primera se postula como una alternativa muy valiosa para acortar el tiempo de respuesta en la valoración de la susceptibilidad de M. tuberculosis. La secuencia del gen rpoB en la cepa resistente a RIF demostró la presencia de una mutación no descrita anteriormente en la región hipervariable de 81 pares de bases, donde se ha reportado el mayor número de mutaciones de cepas resistentes a RIF. Esta mutación produjo un cambio en el codón 456 de TCG > CAG. Al comparar nuestros resultados con los hallados en el último estudio de prevalencia de resistencia realizado en el estado, se demuestra una disminución en la circulación de cepas resistentes en la zona de estudio.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), streptomycin (STR) and ethambutol (EMB), with the Canetti’s proportions method (PM) and the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) of 59 clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolated in the period of august 2005 to december 2006, in Sucre state, Venezuela. Primary and acquired drug resistance was 6.3% and 14.3%, respectively. Only one strain was found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The overall agreement between the NRA and PM was 100% for INH, RIF and EMB, and 96% for STR. The time to obtain results was 10 to 14 days for the NRA, compared to 42 days for the PM. The NRA was easy to perform and therefore represents a useful tool for rapid and accurate determination of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. The sequence of the rpoB gene of the RIF resistant strain demonstrated a never described mutation (change in the codon 456; TCG > CAG) in the hypervariable region of 81 base pairs where most of the mutations of the RIF resistant strains have been reported. Comparison of our results with those of the last resistance prevalence study carried out in the years 1998-1999, shows a decrease in the studied area.


Assuntos
Humanos , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Sequência de Bases , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Etambutol/farmacologia , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Morbidade/tendências , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzimologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Nitrato Redutase/análise , Mutação Puntual , Prevalência , Rifampina/farmacologia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Escarro/microbiologia , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Venezuela/epidemiologia
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(5): 362-367, oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-495869

RESUMO

In order to study the genetic variability oí Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in the Carabobo State at Venezuela, 317 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients living in different health districts whose acid fast smears were positive, were included. Each strain was characterized by spoligotyping and the pattern compared with the national and worldwide SpolDB4.0 databases; 220 isolates (69.4 percent) were grouped in 24 clusters, being LAM the most common family (34 percent). In contrast to other Venezuelan regions, the most common Carabobo spoligotype was number 605, with 46 isolates (14.5 percent). In addition, there were 97 (30.6 percent) orphan spoligotypes, 19 of which are found in SpolDB4.0, and 78 non described. Co-infection with human irnmunodeficiency virus was detected in 11 patients (3.5 percent). These results show high genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis in the región, contributing with new information for a better understanding of tuberculosis transmission in Venezuela.


Con el objeto de estudiar la variabilidad genética de las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulantes en el Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, se empleó la técnica de spoligotyping para caracterizar 317 cepas de M. tuberculosis aisladas de pacientes con baciloscopia y cultivo positivo, residentes en diferentes distritos sanitarios. Los espoligotipos obtenidos se contrastaron con la base de datos nacional y mundial (SpolDB4.0); 220 aislados (69,4 por ciento) se agruparon en 24 clusters, con predominio de la familia LAM (34 por ciento). A diferencia de otras regiones venezolanas, el espoligotipo 605 fue el más frecuente con 46 aislados (14,5 por ciento). Se identificaron 97 (30,6 por cientoo) aislados únicos, 19 reportados en SpolDB4.0 y 78 no descritos. Co-infección con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana se detectó en 11 pacientes (3,5 por cientoo). Los resultados son un aporte al estudio de la transmisión de la tuberculosis a nivel regional y nacional y sugieren que existen diferencias regionales en las cepas más comunes. La cepa 605, poco común fuera de Venezuela, requiere de estudios epidemiológicos adicionales.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Análise por Conglomerados , Genótipo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Venezuela , Adulto Jovem
11.
Acta cient. venez ; 52(supl.1): 16-18, 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-305342

RESUMO

La TB ha tenido una gran importancia en la historia del mundo, y nunca fue entendido el porque solamente 10 por ciento de las personas infectadas desarrollan la enfermedad. La susceptibilidad a la TB ha sido pensado ser debido a factores genéticos humanos, pero hasta la época de marcadores moleculares, nunca fue posible separar la genética de la influencia del ambiente y exposición al bacilo. En los últimos años varios genes humanos han sido relacionados con la susceptibilidad a la TB: NRAMP1, Receptor de Vitamina D, Receptor de IFN-gamma, IL-12 y su receptor, y alelos de HLA, y probablemente existen otros. Sin embargo, ningun gen es sobresaliente en la población, y la exposición y ambiente del individuo también cumple un papel importante en determinar el desarrollo de la enfermedad


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genética , Biologia Molecular , Mycobacterium , Tuberculose , Medicina , Ciência , Venezuela
12.
Acta cient. venez ; 52(supl.1): 33-35, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-305347

RESUMO

En el presente estudio retrospectivo evaluamos la situación epidemiológica de la Tuberculosis en la ciudad Caracas, Venezuela en el año 1994, aplicando IS6110 DNA Fingerprint de aislamientos clínicos. El Fingerprint de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de sesenta y cuatro pacientes, provenientes de los 5 distritos sanitarios de la ciudad mostró 51 diferentes patrones de IS6110. El aislamiento de 20 pacientes (30 por ciento) tenían Fingerprints, los cuales corresponden con uno o más otros pacientes. Basado en este muestreo concluimos que un tercio de los casos de Tuberculosis en Caracas en el año 1994 fue el resultado de transmisión reciente, indicando micro-epidemias en la ciudad


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tuberculose , Medicina , Ciência , Venezuela
13.
Acta cient. venez ; 52(supl.1): 40-41, 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-305349

RESUMO

La supervivencia del bacilo Micobacteria tuberculosis dentro del macrófago depende de su capacidad de responder al stress oxidativa, y los factores sigma, subfamilia ECF, probablemente tienen un rol importante. Investigamos un factor sigma, sigM, cuyos gen se encuentran cerca del origen de replicación. Tanto en M.smegmatis como en M.bovis BCG, la expresión del gen esta inducida en temperaturas altas y en fase estacionaria. Cepas de M.smegmatis sin una copia activa de sigM muestran un defecto en la supervivencia en el stress oxidativo y también en la inducción de la actividad de thioredoxina reductasa, que reduce puentes disulfuricos formado en stress oxidativo. Estos datos sugieren que SigM regula los tioredoxinas y constituye parte de unas respuestas protectivas muy complejos de la bacteria


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas , Mycobacterium smegmatis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Estresse Oxidativo , Fator sigma , Medicina , Ciência , Venezuela
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(supl.1): 33-40, 2000.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-274859

RESUMO

The Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC) is a government-funded multidisciplinary academic institution dedicated to research, development and technology in many areas of knowledge. Biomedical projects and publications comprise about 40 percent of the total at IVIC. In this article, we present an overview of some selected research and development projects conducted at IVIC which we believe contain new and important aspects related to malaria, ancylostomiasis, dengue fever, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis. Other projects considered of interest in the general area of tropical medicine are briefly described. This article was prepared as a small contribution to honor and commemorate the centenary of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Academias e Institutos , Pesquisa , Medicina Tropical , Dengue/tratamento farmacológico , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Malária/prevenção & controle , Esquistossomose/tratamento farmacológico , Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Venezuela
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