Extrahepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, cytology as an accurate method for early diagnosis: an extremely rare case report in an Indian child

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma has been described in the liver, a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, that occurs primarily in children and teenagers. Approximately 260 cases have been reported arising in the liver since 1978 when this disease was first described. Its pathogenesis is still obscure. Authors presented a case of extrahepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in a 9-year-old female presenting with upper abdominal dull pain. Ultrasound and CT Scan showed normal liver architecture, with liver pushed upwards due to compression by tumor arising in the retroperitoneum. To the best of our knowledge, this is first case of extrahepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma diagnosed on cytomorphology and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry markers.

Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma: A Review Of A Single Institution Experience

Background: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is rare. Herein, we investigate the clinico- pathological characteristics and response to cytoreductive surgery & appropriate therapies for PFTC. Materials and Methods: Aretrospective observational study of 5 women with a histopathologic diagnosis of PFTC from January 2004 to Dec 2018. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 53 years (range, 46 to 62 years), and the mean follow-up period was 51 months. All (100%) patients were postmenopausal. Eighty percent had an ECOG score of 0-1.The most common clinical presentation was nonspecific pelvic pain (100%), followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding (80%), and adnexal mass of unknown origin (40%). Three (60%) patients were assumed preoperatively as primarily in the ovary. All patients were diagnosed postoperatively; Primary optimal cytoreductive surgery was achievable in 4/4 (100%) in advanced disease. Only 1 (20%) patient was in Stage IIA& four (80%) in Stage IIB - IIIB. The serous type histology was predominant (60%), 60 % were of grade 2 and 40% of high grade. All showed complete response (CR) to adjuvant paclitaxel and carboplatin (P+C).The mean progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 43.6 months and mean Overall survival (OS) was 51 months. Conclusion: PFTC is infrequently diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively due to its rarity, and has nonspecific presentation. Radical cytoreductive surgery, followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy P+C is a standard treatment by which the survival potential of PFTC can be greatly enhanced.

Survey for cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) and its natural enemies.

Mealybug was considered to be a minor pest of cotton but it emerged as a major pest in 2006-2007 in North and Central zones. Extensive field surveys conducted in cotton fields during 2007-09 in Haryana, Rajasthan and Punjab in the North zone and Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat in the Central zone indicated that Phenacoccus solenopsis was the only major species of mealybug recorded on cotton in North as well as Central zones except one location in Gujarat where Ferrisia virgata Cockerrel was also recorded. Infestation of mealybug at most of the places in North and Central zones ranged from mild (10-20%) to high (40-60%) during 2007 and 2008 but reduced to traces in 2009. Extensive field survey indicated that Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Chalcidodea: Encyrtidae), an indigenous parasitoid, played a key role in reducing the insect pest infestation. The parasitoid was first recorded in Delhi in July 2008 and by 2009 it was found in most of the cotton growing districts of North and Central zones. Its natural parasitization on P. solenopsis could reach more than 90% at many locations. This is the most successful example of biological control of mealybug. Along with this parasitoid, another parasitoid, Promuscidea unfasciativentris Girault (Chalcidodea: Aphelinidae), was also recorded at most of the locations in smaller proportions.

Bleomycin induced flagellate pigmentation.

Bleomycin frequently causes cutaneous toxicity in the form of pigmentary disturbances. We report 2 patients with testicular tumours who developed distinctive "flagellate" pigmentation on trunk and extremities during bleomycin therapy.

Cerebral chromoblastomicosis--a rare case report of cerebral abscess and brief review of literature--a case report.

A rare case of Cerebral Chromomycosis caused by chromogenic fungus Cladosporium trichoides in a 35 year old male with classical presentation of cerebral abscess is being presented. The case report lays emphasis on the histological diagnosis of chromogenic fungus in the wall of the abscess cavity, surgically removed from a well delineated circumscribed lesion in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. The causative fungus could be detected even in unstained paraffin sections. The diagnosis could be made only after surgical removal and histopathological examination. The mycological culture could not be made as the material was received in formaldehyde fixative. The unique features of the case is its recurrence free uneventful survival five years after surgical excision. This is probably the fifth reported case of cerebral chromomycosis from India and first of its type from arid zone of Rajasthan.

Synchronous oesophageal carcinoma with non Hodgkin's lymphoma, problems with management.

A case of synchronous malignancy of oesophagus with Non Hodgkin's lymphoma is presented and the rarity of such an association is discussed. The inherent difficulties encountered were initial planning of therapy keeping in view of the general condition of the patient. The patient received three cycles (every 21 days) of CHOP regimen for Non Hodgkin's lymphoma and to maintain a static state of oesophageal cancer. The patient showed more than 75 percent response to NHL counterpart, and for carcinoma oesophagus counterpart short course high dose loco-regional radiation therapy was given and the tumor was found to be resectable.

Orbital neurofibrosarcoma: a case report.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours of orbit is rare entity. Only sixteen cases are reported in world literature. Bengin schwannomas of the orbit are found in 1.5 to 18 percent of patients with von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD) and form 1 percent of all orbital tumours1. The incidence of malignant transformation in VRD is varies from 5-15 percent of all the cases1.