RESUMO
Background: Among older people, physical exercise improves cognitive function, aerobic fitness, and thus functional independence. Aim: To determine the effects of a walking training program on aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: An experimental study was carried out in 76 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 64 and 78 years. Thirty-eight women in the exercise group (EG) participated in a controlled walking program 3 times a week for 48 sessions (60min /day) and 38 women in the control group (CG) were not trained. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and cognitive function using the Minimental test were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results: The Minimental test improved significantly in the exercise group and did not change in the control group. Estimated VO-2max improved in women aged between 69 and 78 years. The distance walked in 6 minutes increased in all women of the experimental group. No changes in these parameters were observed in the control group. Conclusions: A structured walking program improved cognitive function, estimated aerobic capacity, and walking distance in these diabetic women.
RESUMO
En las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto se documentaron elevados índices de infecciones nosocomiales y factores de riesgo, muchos de ellos relacionados con la atención del equipo de salud. Sin embargo, aún no se tiene claramente establecidas las causas de la infección en los procesos de atención hospitalaria. El objetivo de este trabajo, consiste en identificar y describir los factores que generan elevadas tasas de infecciones nosocomiales concernientes con la atención hospitalaria en las ciudades de La Paz y el Alto. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, mediante una encuesta por muestreo anónima a profesionales de salud de distintas instituciones sanitarias.Entre los resultados obtenidos, muestran como el principal factor principal de las elevadas tasas de infecciones intrahospitalarias, la falta de conocimientodelos profesionales de salud, en medidas de prevención y control en el uso y manejo de los equipos. Bajo esta circunstancia, resulta necesario la elaboración de programas de capacitación en medidas de prevención y control de infecciones nosocomiales, orientado a los profesionales de las instituciones sanitarias de La Paz y El Alto.
In the cities of La Paz and El Alto there are high rates of nosocomial infections and many of the risk factors are related to the health care team. However it is not clear why this is happening. The aim of this paper is to describe the factors in hospital care responsible for the high rates of nosocomial infections in the cities of La Paz and El Alto. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out through a survey, applied anonymously to health professionals belonging to different health institutions survey. The result showed that the main responsible for high rates of nosocomial infection factor, is the lack of training of health professionals in prevention and control. Therefore, is necessary develop continuing education programs on prevention and control of nosocomial infections, for professionals in the health institutions in La Paz and El Alto.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Infecção Hospitalar , Fatores de Risco , Controle de Infecções , Assistência Hospitalar , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Trabalho , Bolívia , Causalidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Empresas de Saneamento , Equipamentos e ProvisõesRESUMO
Deschampsia antarctica (DA), the only species in the Gramineae family endemic to the Antarctic territory, is characterized by a combination of high levels of free endogenous phenylpropanoid compounds under normal in situ and in vitro growth conditions. In this article, we describe the design and use of a specific temporary immersion photobioreactor to produce both increased DA biomass and secondary metabolite accumulation by UV-B elicitation during cultivation. Three min-long immersions in an induction medium applied every 4 hrs at 14ºC +/- 1 and 20/4 hrs light/darkness photoperiod increased DA biomass production over previous in vitro reports. Biomass duplication was obtained at day 10.7 of culturing, and maximum total phenolics and antioxidant activity were observed after 14 day of culturing. The addition of UV-B radiation pulses for 0.5 hrs at 6 hrs intervals increased total phenolics and antioxidant activity more than 3- and 1.5- fold, respectively, compared to controls with no UV-B. Significant accumulation of scopoletin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and rutin was found in these plantlets. This is the first bioreactor designed to optimize biomass and phenylpropanoid production in DA.