Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome [PRES]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome [PRES] is a clinicoradiologic entity. Neurotoxicity with characteristic watershed CT/MR imaging features characterize this condition. This case report describes PRES syndrome in a 35-year-old patient admitted with eclampsia. On the first postpartum day; she developed severe headache, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and visual symptoms including transient visual loss. MRI scan of the brain showed symmetric areas of hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images in the occipital lobes bilaterally. Patient improved symptomatically. Repeat MRI of the brain 4 months after initial admission showed resolution of the previous abnormalities

Bronchial atresia with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

Bronchial atresia and anomalous superior pulmonary venous return into the left brachiocephalic vein are unusual anomalies. We present a young asymptomatic man in whom these two distinct anomalies were co-existingly found on routine medical examination. Patient was diagnosed as a case of congenital bronchial atresia with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return based on the evidence of special features on X-ray chest film, characteristic contrast enhanced 16-slice CT chest findings, lack of symptoms and no change on fallow-up X-ray chest films

Mucocele of the appendix: an unusual cause of disturbed bowel habits

There are many causes of disturbed bowel habits. In this rare case of mucocele of appendix, patient presented with disturbed bowel habits of increased frequency, urgency and semisolid stool. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed fusiform cyst just below umbilicus. Differential diagnoses included mesenteric cyst, duplication cyst and mucocele of appendix. Coronal and saggital reformats of CT abdomen confirmed its origin from ceacum. Its tip was in contact with sigmoid colon. Surgical resection was carried out and histopathology revealed mucinous cyst adenoma

Estimation of foetal weight in third trimester using thigh measurements

Estimation of foetal weight is essential in daily obstetric practice particularly close to term. It guides clinicians to finalize important obstetrical decisions. Low birth weight and excessive foetal weight at delivery both are associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications during labour and the puerperium. The objectives of this cross sectional study were to estimate the foetal weight using only two thigh parameters and its comparison with birth weight. This study was conducted in Radiology Department PNS Shifa during 1st June, 2007 to 30 Nov, 2007. All pregnant females coming to Radiology Department for Ultrasound examinations in 3rd trimester were the Subjects of study. All infants were delivered with in 48 hour of ultrasound examination. 100 patients were included in this study. Thigh measurements were made by conventional two dimensional ultrasonography. The Isobe formula was compared with already established Aoki's formula and actual birth weight using paired sample t-test. Isobe's formula showed a significant correlation with the actual birth weight. In 90% of cases estimated foetal weight was within 10% of the actual birth weight The Isobe's formula was found to be convenient among all the established formulas for estimated foetal body weight. Measurement of head circumference was not necessary near term

Postsurgical pneumoperitoneum - comparison of abdominal ultrasound findings with plain radiography

To compare abdominal ultrasonography findings with plain radiography in the detection of postsurgical pneumoperitoneum. Cross-sectional, observational. Radiology Department, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from October, 2005 to April, 2006. Thirty patients of either gender who underwent laparotomies were included in the study. Patients were examined with plain radiography and abdominal ultrasound to detect postsurgical pneumoperitoneum within 24 hours of surgery. Upright chest radiography and left lateral decubitus views of abdomen were used to detect free air. McNemar test was applied to compute relationship between sonographic and radiographic findings. Among 30 patients, 22 [73.3%] were females and 8 [26.7%] were males [M: F = 1: 2.75]. Average age was 38.07 +/- 12.41 years. Out of 30 patients of postsurgical pneumoperitoneum, 27 [90%] were detected on ultrasonography while 3 [10%] were not detected. On plain X-rays, 4 patients were observed in group-I [no free air] and 26 in group-II [1-10 mm thickness]. Significant [p<0.001] relationship was observed between the two findings. Since both modalities can diagnose pneumoperitoneum reliably, ultrasonography can be a useful alternative imaging modality for the detection of pneumoperitoneum