Bartonella rochalimae, B. grahamii, B. elizabethae, and Wolbachia spp. in Fleas from Wild Rodents near the China-Kazakhstan Border

The Alataw Pass, near the Ebinur Lake Wetland (northwest of China) and Taldykorgan (east of Kazakhstan), is a natural habitat for wild rodents. To date, little has been done on the surveillance of Bartonella spp. and Wolbachia spp. from fleas in the region. Here we molecularly detected Bartonella spp. and Wolbachia spp. in wild rodent fleas during January and October of 2016 along the Alataw Pass-Kazakhstan border. A total of 1,706 fleas belonging to 10 species were collected from 6 rodent species. Among the 10 flea species, 4 were found to be positive for Wolbachia, and 5 flea species were positive for Bartonella. Molecular analysis indicated that i) B. rochalimae was firstly identified in Xenopsylla gerbilli minax and X. conforms conforms, ii) B. grahamii was firstly identified in X. gerbilli minax, and iii) B. elizabethae was firstly detected in Coptopsylla lamellifer ardua, Paradoxopsyllus repandus, and Nosopsyllus laeviceps laeviceps. Additionally, 3 Wolbachia endosymbionts were firstly found in X. gerbilli minax, X. conforms conforms, P. repandus, and N. laeviceps laeviceps. BLASTn analysis indicated 3 Bartonella species showed genotypic variation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 3 Wolbachia endosymbionts were clustered into the non-Siphonaptera Wolbachia group. These findings extend our knowledge of the geographical distribution and carriers of B. rochalimae, B. grahamii, B. elizabethae, and Wolbachia spp. In the future, there is a need for China-Kazakhstan cooperation to strengthen the surveillance of flea-borne pathogens in wildlife.

First detection of Francisella-like endosymbionts in Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum from China-Kazakhstan border / 中国人兽共患病学报

We conducted the detection the Francisella spp.nucle acid from Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum that main distribution is on railway line area from China-Kazakhstan border.The free-living ticks were collected and then identified by morphological and molecular methods.After species identification,they were detected by PCR targeting 16S rRNA and sdhA of Francisella spp.The amplified products were sequenced and the sequences was analyzed by using the Blast.A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6 software.A total of 243 fleas were identified as H.asiaticum asiaticum.Only 35 samples were detected for Francisella spp.positive and the positive rate was 14.4％.Sequence analysis showed that two different sequences (seql and seq2) and all belong to Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs).Phylogenetic analyses showed that two FLEs were belong to the same cladd.This is first detection of FLEs nucleic acid from H.asiaticum Railway line area of China-Kazakhstan border.

Distribution and antibiotic resistance of 27 1 Enterococcus isolates / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus species isolated from Ordos Central Hospital.Methods The Enterococcus strains were isolated from clinical specimens from January 2010 to June 2013.The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were completed on VITEK 2 Compact.WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 271 strains of Enterococcus were collected,including E.faecium (50.6%,137/271), E.faecalis (29.5%,80/271),and other Enterococcus (19.9%,54/271).The Enterococcus isolates were mainly from urine (25.5%,69/271 ),pus (14.8%,40/271 )and wound secretion (12.5%,34/271 ).The E.faecalis strains were highly susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid.Only 1 .3% and 1 .5% of the strains were resistant to vancomycin and linezolid, respectively.No strains of E.faecalis were resistant to nitrofurantoin.The percentage of E.faecalis resistant to penicillin and ampicillin was 11.8% and 2.6%,respectively.About 31.0% and 22.9% of E.faecalis strains were resistant to gentamicin (high level)and streptomycin (high level),respectively.The E.faecium strains were more resistant to most antibiotics tested than E.faecalis.The drug-resistance rate of E.faecium strains to vancomycin was 4.4%.But no strains were found resistant to linezolid.Only 19.1% of these strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin.Also 44.8% and 26.4% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to gentamicin (high level)and streptomycin (high level),respectively.However,E.faecium was less resistant to tetracycline and quinupristin-dalfopristin than E.faecalis.The resistance rate was 58.3% and 0, respectively.Conclusions The E.faecium strains are more resistant to most drugs tested than E.faecalis.Some strains are resistant to vancomycin.The resistance of Enterococcus varies widely with region and species.Antimicrobial therapy for such enterococcal infections should be based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Effects of Skill-training on Social Function in Patients with Schizophrenia Recession / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effects of skill-training on social function in patients with schizophrenia recession. Methods 60 patientswith schizophrenia recession were divided into 2 equal groups (n=30) for 1-year treatment. The control group was treated only withdrugs, and the treatment group was treated with skill-training in addition. The patients were assessed with the Scale of Social Skill of ChronicSchizophrenic Inpatients (SSSI) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) before, 6 months and 12 months after treatment.Results The total scores of PANSS decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The scores ofSSSI decreased significantly in the treatment group after treatment. However, there was no significant differences in the control group (P>0.05) 6 months after treatment, but was 12 months after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the medicine treatment, skill-training mayimprove the flinched mental symptom to remain the social function.