Estudo comparativo dos efeitos dos complexos de inclusão de Clorexidina em ciclodextrinas em células bacterianas e eucariotas / Effects of the chlorhexidine-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds on bacterial and eukaryotic cell: a comparative study

Esta tese tem como objetivo avaliar a interacao de complexos supramoleculares de clorexidina (CX): ciclodextrinas (Cd) com celulas eucarioticas e procarioticas. Para estudar melhor a influencia na atividade antimicrobiana da CX apos a adicao de £/-Cd, £]-Cd e Hp-£]-Cd , foram realizados estudos in vitro aumentando a razao molar da ciclodextrina . A capacidade dos compostos na solubilizacao de ergosterol tambem foi investigada. O tamanho das particulas e potencial zeta foram determinados por espectroscopia por correlacao de fotons e anemometria laser Doppler usando um Zetasizer 3000 HS. As nanoparticulas resultantes estavam na gama de tamanho de 265-1451 nm, e com potencial zeta variando de -2 a 18 mV. A associacao destes compostos conduziu a um aumento do tamanho das nanoparticulas (493-1451 nm), com alteracao significativa dos potenciais zeta apos a formacao dos complexos supramoleculares. Os testes de atividade antimicrobiana dos mostraram que complexos de CX: £/-Cd foram mais eficientes para inibir o crescimento de Ca; CX: £]-Cd para Aa e CX: Hp-£]-Cd para Sm. A analise revelou valores de solubilizacao do ergosterol mais elevados com complexos £/-Cd 1:3 e 1:4. Foram utilizados Ensaios de proliferacao de diferentes tipos celulares para avaliar citotoxicidade in vitro. Os complexos supramoleculares de Hp-£]-Cd foram os menos citotoxicos para fibroblastos quando comparados aos outros compostos e a clorexidina pura. Os complexos de Ñ-Cd mostraram maior toxicidade para osteoblastos e fibroblastos quando comparados aos complexos Hp-£]-Cd. Dentre os compostos testados alcalina a 0,001%...

Manutenção preventiva na clínica integrada: necessidades de tratamento e ontervalo do retorno / Preventive maintenance at the integrated clinic: treatment needs and recall interval

Objetivo: Caracterizar os pacientes atendidos no programa de manutencao preventiva (MP) e relacionar as necessidades de tratamento apresentadas com os intervalos de retorno prescritos. Metodo: Foram coletados dados secundarios de prontuarios de pacientes da MP, no ano de 2008, relativos a idade, genero, e intervalo de tempo decorrido desde a ultima consulta. Registrou-se a presenca ou ausencia de alteracoes sistemicas, uso de medicamentos, dor ou desconforto bucal, desordem oclusal e lesoes de mucosa. Foram comparados os dois ultimos Indices Periodontais Comunitarios (CPI) e Indices de Placa Visivel (IPV). As variaveis necessidade de tratamento e tempo decorrido desde a ultima consulta foram comparadas pelo teste-t, com nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: A amostra consisti u de 115 individuos, 60,9% do genero feminino e 39,1% do masculino, com media de idade de 25,40 (ñ13,34) anos. A porcentagem dos que faziam uso regular de medicamentos (22,61%) foi maior que a observada para a presenca de alteracoes sistemicas (19,13%). Dos 67,83% que apresentaram necessidade de tratamento, 52,56% tinham necessidade de atencao primaria, 6,41% somente secundaria e 41,03% em ambos os niveis de atencao. O intervalo medio de tempo decorrido desde a ultima consulta (12,76 ñ 6,62 meses) apresentou baixa correlacao com as variaveis alteracoes sistemicas (r= 0,0174), uso de medicamentos (r= 0,0714), dor e desconforto bucal (r= 0,0357), lesoes de mucosa (r= 0,0357), necessidade de tratamento (r= 0,0368). Nao houve diferenca estatistica significativa entre os intervalos de retorno prescritos para individuos que tinham ou nao necessidade de tratamento (p=0,6958). Conclusao: Existe uma falta de sistematizacao na determinacao de intervalos de MP, ressaltando a necessidade de estudos prospectivos para estabelecer criterios baseados na classificacao de risco individual, que possam ser aplicados ao ensino da disciplina e a pratica profissional.

Objective: To characterize the patients enrolled in a preventive maintenance (PM) program, and to correlate their treatment needs with the prescribed and recall intervals. Method: Secondary data - age, gender and time interval elapsed since the last dental appointment - were collected from the charts of patients attending the PM program in 2008. The presence or absence of systemic alterations, use of medications, oral pain or discomfort, oclusal disorder and mucosal lesions was recorded. The last two Community Periodontal Indexes (CPI) and Visible Plaque Indexs (VPI) were compared. The variables treatment needs and time interval elapsed since the last dental appointment were compared by the t-test at 5% significance level. Results: The sample was composed by 115 individuals, 60.9% were females and 39.1% were males with mean age of 25.40 (ñ 13.34) years. The percentage of those who made regular use of medications (22.61%) was higher than that observed for the presence of systemic alterations (19.13%). From the 67.83% that had treatment needs, 52.56% needed primary attention, 6.41% only secondary attention and 41.03% needed both levels of attention. The mean time interval elapsed since the last appointment (12.76 ñ 6.62 months) had a low correlation with the variables systemic alterations (r= 0.0174), use of medications (r= 0.0714), oral pain and discomfort (r= 0.0357), mucosal lesions (r= 0.0357) and treatment needs (r= 0.0368). There was no statistically significant difference among the recall intervals prescribed for individuals who had or not treatment needs (p=0.6958). Conclusion: There is a lack of systematization in the determination of PM intervals, reinforcing the need for prospective studies to reestablish criteria based on the classification of individual risks that can be applied to the teaching of Integrated Clinic discipline and professional practice.

Bioceramic/Poly (glycolic)-poly (lactic acid) composite induces mineralized barrier after direct capping of rat tooth pulp tissue

The aim of this study was to observe the histopathological pulp response following direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed teeth in rats with a composite of beta-tricalcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite bioceramic (BC) and poly (glycolic)-poly (lactic acid) (PLGA) material or a calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] material, compared to BC alone and a negative control of water. Pulp of the maxillary molars was exposed, followed by capping with the experimental material. The pulpal tissue response was assessed post-operatively at 1, 7, 14 and 30 d, followed by histological analysis. The Ca(OH)2 group exhibited severe acute inflammatory cell infiltration at day 14. However after 30 d, a new hard tissue with macro porous obliteration of the pulp chamber and a characteristic necrotic area had appeared. BC and Ca(OH)2 capping were associated with moderate inflammation and dentinal bridge similar. Meanwhile, in the BC/PLGA composite group, there was moderate inflammatory infiltrate and formation of a dense and complete dentinal bridge. In conclusion, the BC/PLGA composite material showed a large zone of tertiary dentin, and effectively reorganized the dentin-pulp complex.

Antimicrobial activity of a propolis adhesive formulation on different oral pathogens

Recent studies have shown that propolis has appreciable antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral actions, as well as cytostatic and antitumoral activity. In light of these studies, the antimicrobial activity of a new adhesive formulation containing propolis was evaluated in this in vitro study. Susceptibility of the oral strains tested (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelli, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) was evaluated using the agar diffusion method with different concentrations of propolis (5, 10, 15 and 20%). All of the assayed bacteria and fungi species were susceptible to propolis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.75 to 14.0 ãfg/ml. The positive results suggest that propolis in this sustained release formulation should be further tested as an alternative therapy of infectious conditions of the oral cavity, such as denture stomatitis and periodontitis. However, in vivo studies of the effect of this new adhesive formulation of propolis are needed to determine its possible effects on the oral mucosa.