Use of pcr-rflp of thefla a gene for detection and subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni strains Potentially related to Guillain-barré syndrome, isolated from humans and animals

The objectives of the present study were the subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni strains obtained from humans and different animal species using PCR-RFLP, and the detection, by means of the same technique, of strains related to serotype PEN O19:LIO 7, the main C. jejuni serotype linked to Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Seventy C. jejuni strains isolated from human feces (n=33), primates (n=15), dogs (n=5), swine (n=2), bovines (n=1), abortion material from goats (n=2) and poultry carcasses (n=12), all collected in the state of São Paulo, were subtyped by means of PCR-RFLP of fla A gene, using restriction endonucleases Hae III, Afa I and Mbo I. Seven subtypes were observed when using the enzyme Hae III; eight when using Mbo I; and seven when using Afa I. The combination of the three endonucleases led to 16 fla-RFLP subtypes, from which ten subtypes shared strains of human and animal origin. From these, seven subtypes were observed in human and broiler strains. In eight subtypes, the other animal species shared patterns with human strains. It was inferred that, besides broilers, swine, goats, dogs and primates may be sources of infection for human in São Paulo. PCR-RFLP is a highly discriminatory technique that may be applied to molecular epidemiology studies of samples from different origins. Besides, the study also enabled the detection of two human strains and two primate strains related to serotype PEN O19: LIO 7.

Renal and extrarenal manifestations of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of the most common clinical features in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in a sample of the Brazilian population. The medical records of 92 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease attended during the period from 1985 to 2003 were reviewed. The following data were recorded: age at diagnosis, gender, associated clinical manifestations, occurrence of stroke, age at loss of renal function (beginning of dialysis), and presence of a family history. The involvement of abdominal viscera was investigated by ultrasonography. Intracranial alterations were prospectively investigated by magnetic resonance angiography in 42 asymptomatic patients, and complemented with digital subtraction arteriography when indicated. Mean age at diagnosis was 35.1 ± 14.9 years, and mean serum creatinine at referral was 2.4 ± 2.8 mg/dL. The most frequent clinical manifestations during the disease were arterial hypertension (63.3 percent), lumbar pain (55.4 percent), an abdominal mass (47.8 percent), and urinary infection (35.8 percent). Loss of renal function occurred in 27 patients (mean age: 45.4 ± 9.5 years). The liver was the second organ most frequently affected (39.1 percent). Stroke occurred in 7.6 percent of the patients. Asymptomatic intracranial aneurysm was detected in 3 patients and arachnoid cysts in 3 other patients. In conclusion, the most common clinical features were lumbar pain, arterial hypertension, abdominal mass, and urinary infection, and the most serious complications were chronic renal failure and stroke. Both intracranial aneurysms and arachnoid cysts occurred in asymptomatic patients at a frequency of 7.14 percent.

Campos eletromagneticos produzidos por equipamentos de ondas curtas usados em fisioterapia: uma avaliaçäo em Presidente Prudente, SP

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a quantidade de radiacao eletromagnetica a que o fisioterapeuta esta submetido quando utiliza equipamentos de ondas curtas no tratamento de pacientes, em clinicas de Fisioterapia de Presidente Prudente, SP. Para isso, foram medidas densidades de potencia em alguns lugarres proximo ao paciente e ao equipamento, durante um procedimento-padrao de tratamento de coluna lombar. O paciente foi colocado em decubito dorsal e foram usados eletrodos (ou aplicadores) de placas. Os locais escolhidos para medidas foram: 1) acima do painel do equipamento, 2) ao redor do cabo dos aplicadores e 3) na altura do abdomem e dos olhos do paciente. As medidaas foram feitas usando um medidor de densidade de potencia (mW/cm) NARDA, com um sensor para a faixa de frequencia de 10 a 300 Mhz. Os resultados mostram uma queda exponencial da intensidade, em funcao da distancia ao ponto escolhido. Alguns equipamentos apresentam valores da densidade de potencia de ate 20mWcm, proximo dos cabos e dos aplicadores. Acima do painel de controle do equipamento os valores variam de 0,5 a 4,0 mW/cm em distancias de ate 30 cm. Proximo aos olhos do paciente o valor medido e da ordem de 2,0 mW/cm. Esses resultados indicam que em alguns locais o fisioterapeuta esta sujeito a riscos de exposicao acima dos valores recomendados pelos orgaos internacionais