Predição do peso vivo a partir de medidas corporais em animais mestiços Holandês/Gir / Prediction of live weight based on body measurements in crossbred animals Holstein/Gir

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relações entre o peso corporal e as medidas corporais altura de garupa (ag), comprimento de garupa (cg), comprimento corporal (cc) e perímetro torácico (pt), em bovinos oriundos principalmente do cruzamento das raças Holandês e Gir. Foram utilizados dados de 483 vacas, 469 novilhas e 62 machos, de três rebanhos distintos, analisados separadamente para cada categoria a fim de estabelecer equações polinomiais dos pesos em relação às medidas corporais. As correlações simples do peso corporal com pt, cc, cg e ag foram respectivamente 0,807; 0,440; 0,187 e 0,504 para vacas; 0,928; 0,735; 0,819 e 0,880 machos, e 0,942; 0,748; 0,902 e 0,573 para novilhas. Embora as regressões de peso corporal em relação ao cc e cg tenham sido significativas (P<0,05), o aumento da porcentagem de explicação das variações do peso corporal obtido com a inclusão destas medidas, em adição ao pt, não parece justificar o custo das medições. As equações de predição do peso corporal em função do pt foram as seguintes: para vacas, peso = 12.174 - 187,410 pt + 0,97196960 pt² - 0,00162382 pt³, para novilhas, peso= 1.717-35,167 pt + 0,238978 pt² - 0,00046260 pt³ e, para machos, peso = -3.862+76,014 pt-0,488837 pt²+ 0,00109755 pt³.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between hip height (ag), rump length (cg), body length (cc) and heart girth (pt) with live body weight of crossbred animals, mainly from the cross between Holstein and Gir breeds. Data on 483 cows, 469 heifers and 62 males in three herds were analyzed for each category using polynomial regression equations of body weight on measurements. The correlations between body weight and pt, cc, cg and ag were, respectively 0.807, 0.440, 0.187 and 0.504 for cows, 0.928, 0.735, 0.819 and 0.880 for males and 0.942, 0.748, 0.902 and 0.573 for heifers. Although the regressions of body weights on cc and cg were significant (P<0.05), the additional goodness of fit of a model that includes these two traits in addition to heart girth does not justify the extra cost for recording these traits. The prediction equations were: for cows, body weight = 12174-187.410 pt+0.97196960 pt²-0.00162382 pt³, for heifers, body weight = 1717-35.167pt+0.238978pt²-0.00046260pt³ and for males, body weight = -3862+76.014pt-0.488837pt²+0.00109755pt³.

Association of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) BoLA-DRB3 gene with fat and protein production and somatic cell score in Brazilian Gyr dairy cattle (Bos indicus)

The effect of the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) locus on animal health may be due to a direct action of its alleles on immune functions, whereas its indirect effect on production traits might be explained by the better general health conditions of more productive animals. In the present study, the BoLA-DRB3 gene was investigated in 1058 cows belonging to seven Brazilian Gyr Dairy herds (Bos indicus, Zebu cattle). A total of 37 alleles were identified, 15 of them described for the first time in a Zebu breed. A highly significant association (p < 0.02) was observed between allele *54 and a decrease (-26.1 kg) in milk protein yield and there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between this allele and lower (-26.07 kg) milk fat yield. There was also a significant association (p < 0.05) between allele *6 and decreased (-12.47 kg) milk protein and allele *7 and increased (12.72 kg) milk protein. There were also indications of association (p < 0.10) between somatic cell score (SCS) and alleles *3 (SCS increased by 0.54 units) and *31 (SCS increased by 0.46 units). The highly significant association of allele *54 with lower protein yield suggests the possible use of this allele in marker-assisted selection programs.

Genetic and phenotypic parameters of productivity traits on the first three lactations in Gyr cattle herds

Records of Gyr cows selected for milk production were obtained from the National Gyr Dairy Cattle Breeding Program (Embrapa/CNPGL) and analyzed, in order to estimate genetic parameters for the first three lactations and to verify the effects of some environmental factors on milk production from 1979 to 1994. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML with an animal model and a group of fixed effects that included classes of herd, year, season and age at calving. Milk production means and standard deviations were 2,183 kg, 707 kg; 2,682 kg, 762 kg and 2,638 kg, 851 kg, for first, second, and third lactations, respectively. Heritability estimates were 0.20, 0.12, and 0.19 for first, second, and third lactations, respectively, and repeatability was 0.44. Genetic correlation estimates were: 0.68 between first and second lactations, 0.84 between first and third lactations and 1.0 between second and third lactations. Results confirm other research for specialized dairy breeds and firmly suggest that even in breeds of Indian origin the best time to make selection decisions is during the first lactation.