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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(5): e8233, 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001522

RESUMO

Special attention has emerged towards biomass smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing new knowledge for prevention and therapeutic approach of non-smoker COPD patients. However, the understanding of biomass smoke COPD is still limited and somewhat controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare COPD exclusively caused by tobacco smoking with COPD exclusively caused by environmental or occupational exposures. For this cross-sectional study, COPD patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and formed two groups: non-smoker COPD group (n=16) with exposure to biomass smoke who did not smoke cigarette and tobacco smoker COPD group (n=15) with people who did not report biomass smoke exposure. Subjects underwent pulmonary function tests, thoracic high-resolution computed tomography, 6-min walk test, and sputum induction. The non-smoker COPD group had biomass smoke exposure of 133.3±86 hour-years. The tobacco COPD group smoked 48.5±27.4 pack-years. Women were 62.5 and 66.7%, respectively, of non-smokers and smokers. The non-smoker COPD group showed higher prevalence of dyspnea, lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2%) with similar spirometry results, lung volumes, and diffusion capacity. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, differences were detected in sputum number of lymphomononuclear cells and in sputum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with higher values in the smoker group. Emphysema was more prevalent in the tobacco smoker group, which also showed higher relative bronchial wall thickness and lower lung density by quantitative analysis. Biomass smoke induced more hypoxemia compared to tobacco in COPD patients with similar severity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Biomassa , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipóxia/diagnóstico por imagem , Testes de Função Respiratória , Espirometria , Escarro/química , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estudos Transversais , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Exposição Ambiental , Hipóxia/etiologia
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(3): 209-214, Mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-476578

RESUMO

Inhalation of hypertonic saline (HS) causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. Repeated inhalation of HS leads to substantially reduced bronchoconstriction, known as the refractory period. Refractoriness due to different stimuli has also been described (cross-refractoriness). Nocturnal asthma is defined as an increase in symptoms, need for medication, airway responsiveness, and/or worsening of lung function that usually occurs from 4 to 6 am. Our objective was to determine the effect of refractoriness on nocturnal asthma. The challenge test consisted of inhalations of 4.5 percent saline with increasing durations until a reduction of 20 percent in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (PD20HS) or total time of 15.5 min. Twelve subjects with nocturnal asthma were challenged with HS at 16:00 and 18:00 h and FEV1 was measured at 4:00 h. One to 2 weeks later, FEV1 was determined at 16:00 and 4:00 h. LogPD20HS at 18:00 h was significantly greater than logPD20HS at 16:00 h, 0.51 ± 0.50 and 0.69 ± 0.60 mg, respectively (P = 0.0033). When subjects underwent two HS challenges in the afternoon, mean (± SD) FEV1 reduction was 206 ± 414 mL or 9.81 ± 17.42 percent. On the control day (without challenge in the afternoon) FEV1 reduction was 523 ± 308 mL or 22.75 ± 15.40 percent (P = 0.021). Baseline FEV1 values did not differ significantly between the control and study days, 2.48 ± 0.62 and 2.36 ± 0.46 L, respectively. The refractory period following HS challenges reduces the nocturnal worsening of asthma. This new concept may provide beneficial applications to asthmatic patients.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Asma/prevenção & controle , Testes de Provocação Brônquica/métodos , Solução Salina Hipertônica/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Ritmo Circadiano , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(1): 71-78, Jan. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-419154

RESUMO

Fitness improvement was used to compare morning with afternoon exercise periods for asthmatic children. Children with persistent moderate asthma (according to GINA criteria), 8 to 11 years old, were divided into 3 groups: morning training group (N = 23), afternoon training group (N = 23), and non-training group (N = 23). The program was based on twice a week 90-min sessions for 4 months. We measured the 9-min running distance, resting heart rate and abdominal muscle strength (sit-up number) before and after the training. All children took budesonide, 400 æg/day, and an on demand inhaled ß-agonist. The distance covered in 9 min increased (mean ± SEM) from 1344 ± 30 m by 248 ± 30 m for the morning group, from 1327 ± 30 m by 162 ± 20 m for the afternoon group, and from 1310 ± 20 m by 2 ± 20 m for the control group (P < 0.05 for the comparison of morning and afternoon groups with the control group by ANOVA and P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison). The reduction of resting heart rate from 83 ± 1, 85 ± 2 and 86 ± 1 bpm was 5.1 ± 0.8 bpm in the morning group, 4.4 ± 0.8 bpm in the afternoon group, and -0.2 ± 0.7 bpm in the control group (P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison and P < 0.05 versus control). The number of sit-ups in the morning, afternoon and control groups increased from 22.0 ± 1.7, 24.3 ± 1.4 and 23 ± 1.1 sit-ups by 9.8 ± 0.9, 7.7 ± 1.4, and 1.9 ± 0.7 sit-ups, respectively (P > 0.05 for morning with afternoon comparison and P < 0.05 versus control). No statistically significant differences were detected between the morning and afternoon groups in terms of physical training of asthmatic children.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Asma/reabilitação , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Análise de Variância , Músculos Abdominais/fisiologia , Albuterol/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Budesonida/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Terapia Combinada , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Respiratória , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 36(3): 291-299, Mar. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-329457

RESUMO

This prospective study analyzed the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in pulmonary and cardiac function by evaluating cardiovascular reflex and its correlation with pulmonary function abnormalities of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic patients (N = 17) and healthy subjects (N = 17) were evaluated by 1) pulmonary function tests including spirometry, He-dilution method, N2 washout test, and specific airway conductance (SGaw) determined by plethysmography before and after aerosol administration of atropine sulfate, and 2) autonomic cardiovascular activity by the passive tilting test and the magnitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Basal heart rate was higher in the diabetic group (87.8 ± 11.2 bpm; mean ± SD) than in the control group (72.9 ± 7.8 bpm, P<0.05). The increase of heart rate at 5 s of tilting was 11.8 ± 6.5 bpm in diabetic patients and 17.6 ± 6.2 bpm in the control group (P<0.05). Systemic arterial pressure and RSA analysis did not reveal significant differences between groups. Diabetes intragroup analysis revealed two behaviors: 10 patients with close to normal findings and 7 with significant abnormalities in terms of RSA, with the latter subgroup presenting one or more abnormalities in other tests and clear evidence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. End-expiratory flows were significantly lower in diabetic patients than in the control group (P<0.05). Pulmonary function tests before and after atropine administration demonstrated comparable responses by both groups. Type 2 diabetic patients have cardiac autonomic dysfunction that is not associated with bronchomotor tone alterations, probably reflecting a less severe impairment than that of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Yet, a reduction of end-expiratory flow was detected


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Cardiopatias , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Frequência Cardíaca , Tono Muscular , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Respiratória
5.
J. pneumol ; 10(4): 243-7, 1984.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-26245

RESUMO

Sao relativamente poucos os estudos relacionados com o comprometimento primario dos pulmoes na forma cronica da doenca de Chagas. Exames anatomo-patologicos realizados anteriormente mostraram dilatacao das vias aereas e degeneracao dos ganglios parassimpaticos bronquicos em pacientes chagasicos cronicos. Dilatacoes anormais das vias aereas foram tabem observadas atraves de estudos broncograficos de pacientes com doenca de Chagas.Resultados de investigacoes anteriores sugeriram aumento da reatividade bronquica a drogas colinergicas neste grupo de pacientes. Entretanto em estudo recentemente realizado em nosso laboratorio, nao se observou diferenca significante de reatividade bronquica a metacolina entre individuos normais e pacientes chagasicos. A avaliacao cuidadosa de pacientes com a fase cronica da doenca de Chagas em laboratorio de funcao pulmonar levou a conclusao de que na ausencia de insuficiencia cardiacas os resultados dos diferentes testes estao nos limites normais. Em estudos anteriores foram referidos pequenos decrescimos dos fluxos expiratorios maximos ou do volume expiratorio forcado em um segundo em alguns grupos de pacientes chagasicos


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Chagas , Medidas de Volume Pulmonar , Testes de Função Respiratória , Broncografia
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 38(4): 291-9, 1982. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-8797

RESUMO

Em 10 cardiopatas chagasicos em situacao clinica de descompensacao circulatoria, examinam os autores os efeitos hemodinamicos de drogas vasodilatadoras: hidralazina (administracao central) e nitroprussiato de sodio (administracao periferica). Em comparacao com a hidralazina, o nitroprussiato de sodio produziu reducao mais apreciavel das pressoes vasculares na circulacao pulmonar e efeitos menos notaveis sobre o fluxo sanguineo. Esses resultados indicam efeitos hemodinamicos beneficos nesta doenca, em termos de reducao de "pre-carga" e "pos-carga"


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitroprussiato , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hidralazina , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica
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