IDENTIFICATION AND ENLISTING OF WINTER MIGRATORY WATERFOWL AVIFAUNA AT NAGI BIRD'S SANCTUARY JHAJHA, JAMUI, BIHAR, INDIA.

The Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary situated in the Jamui district of Bihar lies between latitude N 24.49' and longitude E86.23' & E86. 24' is spread over an area of 2.0957 square kilometres constructed by Bihar government. The Nagi Dam and Nakti Dam both are sanctuaries so close to each other. Nagi Bird sanctuary is approximately 19 km from Sono and 10 km from Jhajha within the district of Jamui, Bihar. Nakti bird sanctuary is approx 3 Km from Nagi, occupying similar habitat of flora and fauna. Both Nagi and Nakti bird sanctuaries are belted by rocky hillocks. In Nagi Dam there are total 14 waterfowl avifauna were recorded - Lesser Whistling-Duck, Bar-headed Goose, Ruddy Shelduck, Cotton pygmy Goose, Tufted Duck, Common Pochard, Ferruginous Duck, Eurasian Wigeon, Gadwall, Mallard, Northern Pintail, Red-crested Pochard, Ruddy Shelduck and Greylag Goose, Great crested Grebe.

Association of major modifiable risk factors among patients with coronary artery disease--a retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: The relative importance of various risk factors varies in different regions of India. This was a retrospective study of patients with recently diagnosed coronary artery disease to assess four major risk factors: dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 5748 patients (4952 males, 796 females) with recently diagnosed coronary artery disease were analysed from the records of Heart Hospital along with 8103 controls (6092 males and 2011 females). Absolute lipid levels as well as prevalence of dyslipidemia using the ATP III guidelines were assessed. They were classified into two major groups premature CAD (males < 45 years females < 55 years) and CAD at usual age (males > or = 45 years, females > or = 55 years). RESULTS: The most common pattern of CAD was chronic stable angina (n=2773, 48.24%). Mean total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol and TC/HDL ratio were significantly higher in subjects with CAD compared to subjects without CAD controls. The mean HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar in both groups. Elevated LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, elevated total cholesterol and abnormal TC/HDL ratios were more common in CAD patients as compared to controls (38.8% vs. 33.14%, 29.3% vs 18.2%, 36.9% vs 32.5% and 59.05% vs 44.3% respectively). However lipid abnormalities were not significantly different in females > or = 55 in CAD vs non-CAD group. Smoking was significantly more common in subjects with CAD groups (30.97% vs. 12.72%) as compared to subjects without CAD (P < 0.0001). It was most common in males with premature CAD (44.1 % P < 0.0001). Hypertension was found in 1036 patients (18.02%) and diabetes in 763 (13.28%) as compared to 1126 (13.9%) hypertensives in non-CAD group and 639 diabetics (7.89%) (P = 0.001), both were more common in males > or = 45 and females > or = 55 as compared to those with premature CAD (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Among the risk factors assessed, dyslipidemia (particularly abnormal TC/HDL ratio and elevated LDL cholesterol), smoking hypertension and diabetes were associated with coronary artery disease in decreasing order of prevalence. In premature CAD, dyslipidemia and (in males) smoking are of particular importance.

A study of lipid levels in uncomplicated hypertension.

A number of risk factors for coronary artery disease are known to be present in hypertensive patients, the most important being hyperlipidemia. An analysis of the lipid profiles of 3,182 uncomplicated non-diabetic patients (2,425 males, 757 females) who attended two institutions of Patna city between 1992-1998 was conducted alongwith 4,131 controls. Mean total cholesterol was slightly higher (but statistically significant; p < or = 0.05) in hypertensives (191.8 mg/dL vs 190.1 mg/dL) as compared to the control group; mean total cholesterol-HDL ratio was also higher (4.65 vs 4.48) in hypertensives (p < or = 0.05). As per National Cholesterol Education Programme guidelines, 1,069 (33.6%) patients had cholesterol level above 200 mg/dL while 850 (26.7%) had triglycerides over 200 mg/dL among the hypertensive group. An abnormal total cholesterol-HDL ratio (> 4.5) was found in 1,600 (50.3%) of the hypertensives; this was by far the most common abnormality. With increasing severity of hypertension, the prevalence of elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol was higher; triglyceride levels were less affected. These results indicate that an abnormal total cholesterol-HDL ratio is the most common variety of dyslipidemia in uncomplicated hypertension.

Echocardiographic detection of cardiac involvement in chronic renal failure.

The aim of this work was to determine the incidence of occult cardiac involvement in chronic renal failure (CRF). 50 adult patients (42 male, 8 female) were subjected to echocardiography (by both M-mode and 2D methods). Pericardial effusion was detected in 15 patients (30%), 2 patients (4%) had dilated left ventricles with poor contractility and sluggish interventricular septum (IVS) movement, suggesting cardiomyopathy. 1 patient (2%) had cardiac calcification involving the aortic valve, 32 patients (64%) had normal echo findings. These findings suggest that echocardiography is an invaluable tool in detecting early cardiac abnormalities in C.R.F., especially in diagnosing small asymptomatic pericardial effusion and cardiac calcification.

Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic correlation in cases of congestive cardiomyopathy.

Echocardiographically diagnosed sixty cases of congestive cardiomyopathy were electrocardiographically analysed. None of the cases had normal electrocardiogram. The commonest rhythm disorder was premature ventricular contractions (P.V.C.-26.6%), and the commonest conduction disorder was left anterior hemi block (LAHB-17%). Nonspecific ST-T changes in the anterolateral leads was the most common electrocardiographic finding. No correlation was seen between electrocardiographic evidence of hypertrophy and echocardiographic evidence of cardiac enlargement.