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Introduction: We conducted this study among older adults with the following objectives: (1) To find out the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, (2) To understand the factors associated with hypertension prevalence and control. Methods: A mixed-methods study employing a sequential explanatory design was conducted with a survey of 300 participants aged _x0001_60 years, and 15 in-depth interviews. Blood Pressure (BP) and waist circumference were measured using standard protocol. Survey data were analysed using univariate and multivariate procedures. In-depth interviews were analysed employing thematic analysis. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 72.3% (95% CI ¼ 67.1e77.2), 68.2% (CI ¼ 61.8e74.2) were aware, 65.4% (CI ¼ 59.0e71.6) were treated and 24% (CI ¼ 18.6e29.9) achieved adequate control. Inadequate physical activity [(adjusted odds ratio (AOR)] ¼ 2.34; CI ¼ 1.19e4.59), current alcohol use (AOR ¼ 2.28; CI ¼ 1.06e4.91) and self-reported diabetes (AOR ¼ 2.02; CI ¼ 1.15e3.52) were associated with hypertension prevalence. Those who reported diabetes (AOR ¼ 2.72, CI ¼ 1.34e5.55), with education level up to high school (AOR ¼ 2.58, CI ¼ 1.11e6.00) and who were in the age group 60e70 years (AOR ¼ 2.14, CI ¼ 1.09e4.20) were more likely to have controlled hypertension compared to their counterparts. From the in-depth interviews it was found that availability and accessibility of services, family support, financial wellbeing, habits and beliefs and conducive environment played a role in hypertension diagnosis and management. Discussion: Prevalence of hypertension was high in this population along with poor control. Efforts are required to improve hypertension control focussing on older adults with low education and those who are aged 70 years and above
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Background: There are no data on electrocardiographic (ECG) findings from general population of Indian subcontinent. We analyzed ECG abnormalities of in adults as part of a community survey of prevalence of coronary artery disease and risk factors from South India. Methods and results: In this cross-sectional study of men and women between the ages 20 to 79 years, ECGs recorded digitally were analyzed using the Minnesota code. Electrocardiograms were analyzed for abnormalities in 4630 participants (women 59.6%). The overall prevalence of ECG abnormalities (39.9%) was higher in men (47.24% vs. 34.9% p <0.0001). QRS axis deviation, first degree AV block, fascicular blocks, incomplete right bundle branch block, sinus bradycardia and ST elevation in the anterior chest leads were markedly higher in men. Sinus tachycardia and low voltage QRS occurred more often in women. The overall prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 0.32% which was markedly lower than the western data. Brugada and early repolarisation patterns occurred in 1.06% and 1.56% respectively, equal in both age groups, but markedly higher in men. Brugada pattern occurred more often than in the west, but much less than the Far East population. Early repolarisation pattern was similar to rest of Asian population, but significantly less than the Caucasian population Conclusion: In this community-based study, prevalence of major electrocardiographic abnormalities was high. Overall, men had significantly higher ECG abnormalities
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Data on correlates of physical activity (PA) are limited in India. This study estimated the prevalence and correlates of PA among women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1303 women (mean age 45 years) selected by multistage cluster sampling. Information was collected using a pretested interview schedule. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlates of PA. Self-reported moderate or high level PA prevalence was 73.4% [95% confi dence interval (CI); 71.1-75.9]. Women who perceived themselves as being underweight [odds ratio (OR) 3.68: 1.97-6.74]; had an exercising member in the household (OR 3.41: 2.52-4.66); had access to exercise facilities (OR 2.17: 1.63-2.95); were married (OR 2.14: 1.40-3.25), were in the age group of 35-54 years (OR 1.91: 1.32-2.63); reported having knowledge about the benefi ts of PA (OR 1.62: 1.13-2.25); and who reported having the support of friends and neighbors (OR 1.42: 1.05-2.01) were more likely to report PA than their counterparts.