RESUMO
@#Plants contain numerous bioactive compounds that can be used to develop environmentally-safe insect control agents. Castor oil is a vegetable oil derived from the seeds of castor bean and is widely used as an industrial lubricant and medicinal purgative. In search of an alternative natural insecticide, the objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of castor oil against the important dengue vector, Ae. aegypti. Larvicidal and adulticidal bioassays were conducted following the World Health Organization methods. Larvicidal activity was observed at castor oil concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm; larval mortality was checked after 48 h of exposure and the lethal concentration (LC) at LC50 and LC90 were 51.38 and 116.26 ppm, respectively. Adulticidal activity was determined by topical application at the concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µg/ mg on female mosquitoes and the mortality was checked after 24 h of exposure. The effective adulticidal activity was apparent with the LD50 and LD90 values of 6.03 and 25.07 µg/mg against female mosquitoes. The results indicated that castor oil has potential in the practical control of both immature and adult stages of the mosquito vector.
RESUMO
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant and chloroquine resistant, but mefloquine sensitive (MIC 5 x 10(-9] isolates of Plasmodium falciparum were used to study the emergence of mefloquine resistance. The continuously cultured isolates which were exposed intermittantly to varying concentrations of mefloquine alone became insensitive to the drug at 1 x 10(-7) M after 12 months, whereas the culture line exposed to the combination of mefloquine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine became only slightly insensitive to mefloquine (MIC 2 x 10(-8]. Thus, the efficacy of mefloquine may be prolonged through use in combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.