Integrated Nutrient Management in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) for Enhancing Soil Health

Integrated nutrient management (INM) is a holistic approach that involves the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to improve soil health and crop productivity. The research study was conducted to demonstrate the effective use of INM on soil health in Green gram. We used a randomized block design (RBD) with four levels of poultry manure @ 0, 50, 75 and 100% ha-1, four levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium@ 0, 50, 75 and 100% ha-1 and rhizobium seed treatment. The revealed that treatment T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + PM @ 5 t ha-1 and Rhi @ 200g 10 kg-1 Seed) resulted in a slight change in soil pH 6.82, electrical conductivity (EC) 0.198 dS m-1. In post-harvest soil of fertilizers observations showed significant increase in pore space 49.20 %, water holding capacity 47.59 %, organic carbon 0.49 %, and available N 334.23 kg ha-1, P 34.58 kg ha-1, K 202.83 kg ha-1. The increase in NPK was found to be significant (P<0.05) among other treatments in Green gram cultivation and soil quality improvement. The application of N P K with poultry manure was a magnificent source of fertilization.

Response of Different Levels of NPK and Zinc on Soil Health in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

An experiment was conducted during in Zaid season (March 2022-June 2022) to study the “effect of different levels of NPK and Zinc on soil health in black gram (Vigna mungo L.)” on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. A randomized block design was used to set up the experiment, with three levels of NPK (0%, 50%, and 100% NPK) and three levels of zinc (0%, 50%, and 100% zinc). The outcome demonstrates that inorganic fertilizer application had a non-significant effect on soil physical-chemical parameters (BD, PD, pH, EC and OC) and significant increase in pore space, water holding capacity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc in treatment T9 [NPK at 100% + zinc at 100%] than other treatments.

Growth and Yield Response of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv. Pusa Navbahar to Integrated Nutrient Management

The investigation on cluster bean with application of integrated nutrient management with comprised of 12 treatments with three level of NPK, two levels of PSB and Rhizobium in factorial randomized block design. The treatment T12 has shown the significant results when applied 100% of NPK with PSB and Rhizobium among the different levels of treatment combinations. Growth parameters viz., plant height (90.96 cm), number of nodules plant-1(59.48), number of branches plant-1 (2.66) at 90 DAS (day after sowing), and yield parameters viz., number of clusters plant-1 (14.62), number of pods cluster-1 (13.39), pod length (17.42 cm),pod yield(77.29 q ha-1) has shown best in treatment T12(NPK @100% + PSB @100% + Rhizobium @100%) of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in comparison to other treatment combination.

Response of Different Levels of NPK and FYM on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. Neelam-61

Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of inorganic fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. A research was conducted during Zaid season 2022 on central research farm of department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, (NAI) SHUATS, Prayagraj. Field trial was designed on Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments. It may be concluded from the trial that the different level of NPK and FYM in the experiment gave the highest value. The best results were obtained with T9 treatment which included (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1). This treatment resulted in the maximum plants height with the most leaves, no. of clusters plant-1, no. of pod cluster-1, no of pod plant-1, length of pod (cm) and highest pod yield. In contrast, the control treatment (T1) had the lowest results in all categories. The available NPK and FYM with the treatment combination of T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1) was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of cluster bean. Therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of cluster bean.

Effect of Vermicompost and Neem Cake with Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Var. S2-981

Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of chemical fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. Research was conducted by using effective management application of vermicompost and neem cake with inorganic fertilizer with objective to enhance the growth and yield of maize crop. It has been concluded from the trial that the different level of vermicompost and neem cake with inorganic fertilizers in the experiment gave the highest value. Effective results were obtained with T9 treatment with combination vermicompost 10 t ha-1, neem cake 500 kg ha-1 with recommended dose of fertilizer NPK 120: 60: 40 kg hhah ha-1. This treatment result shown best plant height with the most leaves, largest stem diameter, longest cob length, heaviest 1000 seed weight, and highest grain yield in compared with the control treatment T1­ had the lowest results in all categories. T9 was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of maize therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of Maize.

Assessment of Physical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Coastal Areas, Ganjam District of Odisha, India

An investigation was conducted to analyse the physical properties of soils of different blocks of coastal areas of Ganjam district of Odisha. For this purpose, the soil samples were collected at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, from nine different villages of three different blocks of coastal areas, a total of 27 samples collected and analysed for their physical parameter by using standard Laboratory Technique. The result showed that the Soil Texture of Chatrapur, Rangeilunda, and Chikiti block varied from Sandy loam to Sandy clay loam. The Bulk Density reported 1.31-1.36 Mg m-3, Particle Density reported 2.41 to 2.59 Mg m-3, Specific gravity varied from 2.61 to 2.69, Percent of Pore Space varied 44.56 to 48.13 Percent, Water Retaining Capacity ranged 42.98 to 45.92 Percent. Results suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as crop rotation and conservation tillage, which will contribute to maintain the soil physical characteristics to ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of the soil.

Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Sahibganj District, Jharkhand, India

An evaluation of physico-chemical properties of 27 soil samples from 3 different blocks ie., Sahibganj, Borio and Taljhari of Sahibganj district (Jharkhand) in different depths (0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm) was carried out during of 2022-2023. The present investigation was objectified as determination of soil Physico-chemical properties to analyse the soil fertility status with finding out the deficiency and toxicity of different soil nutrients. Soil samples were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques and statistical analysis. The treatments in them study were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The bulk density of the soils varied from 1.13 to 1.53 Mg m-3, while the particle density ranged from 2.24 to 2.69 Mg m-3. The percentage of pore space was between 36.88 and 49.55% and water holding capacity was between 31.11 and 44.71%. Soil pH varied from 6.28 to 7.90 which was neutral to slightly saline with soil EC ranged 0.02-0.64 dS m-1 that would significantly affect crop production. In the case of the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of research area was found to be low to medium while the range of Potassium was sufficient ranging from 176.34 to 271.77 kg ha1. In these areas recommended fertilizer doses should be applied as per soil test crop response to prevent yield losses due to deficiency of nutrients.

Influence of Sagarika-Liquid with Inorganic Fertilizers for Enchaning the Soil Health and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

An experiment was conducted on sagarika-liquid with inorganic fertilizers during Zaid season 2022 at the central research farm of Department of Soil science and Agricultural chemistry, to enhance the productivity. The design applied was 3x3 RBD having three levels of Sagarika-liquid @2ml, 3ml and 4ml L-1 and N P K @ 50, 75and 100%. The result obtained with treatment T9[N P K @100%+ 2 Spray of Sagarika 4ml l-1] that showed vermicompost in combination resulted in a slight change in soil pH at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were found 7.12 and 7.27and EC 0.35 and 0.32 dS m-1 respectively. The significant results were in pore space 47.90 and 45.52%, water holding capacity 46.10 and 43.60%, organic carbon 0.54%, 0.44%, and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was found to be significant among other treatments in Green gram cultivation and soil quality improvement. The maximum yield regarding, gave the best results with respect to plant height 45.34 cm, number of pod plant-1 28.16, and number of seed pod-1 8.45. It gave highest yield 1.96 t ha-1. It was also revealed that the application with organic manures was excellent source for fertilization than fertilizers.

Effect of Vermicompost and Zn on Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil in Cultivation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Supper Green

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and zinc as form of ZnSO4.7H20 on soil health and yield attributes of okra. The design applied was 3x3 randomized block design having three levels of vermicompost @ 0, 50 and 100% ha-1, three levels of Zn @ 0, 50 and 100% ha-1 respectively. It was observed that treatment T9 (Vermicompost @ 100% + Zn @ 100%) improved the soil WHC, OC, available N, P, and K, resulted in a slight chenge in soil pH 7.28, EC 0.388 dS m-1 and bulk density 1.40 Mg m-3 and particle density 2.64 Mg m-3. In post- harvest soil of fertilizers observations were resulted in significant increase in pore space 48.20%, water holding capacity 43.22 %, organic carbon 0.52 %, and available N 307.14kg ha-1, P 34.14 kg ha-1, K 186.58 kg ha-1 and Zn 0.57 mg kg-1, significant increase in case of Nitrogen kg ha-1, Phosphorus kg ha-1, Potassium kg ha-1 and Zinc mg kg-1 was found to be significant among other treatments in okra cultivation and soilquality improvement. The maximum yield regarding, gave the best results with respect to plant height 120.70 cm, number of leaves plant-1 49.31, number of fruit plant-1 24.22, and yield of fruits 135.59 q ha-1. It gave highest yield 135.59 q ha-1. It was also revealed that the application of Zinc with organic manures was excellent source for fertilizer.

Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Var. Swati Swarna

An experiment was conducted during in Zaid season (March 2022-June 2022) on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of Phosphorus and Zinc (0 %, 50 % and 100 %). The treatment combinations were replicated three times and were allocated at random in each replication. The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers increased growth, yield of green gram. It was recorded from the application of P and Zinc fertilizers in treatment T7 [P @ 100% + Zinc @ 0%] maximum plant height 40.90, 49.12, and 60.16 cm at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of branches plant-1 9.35, 11.62, and 14.24 at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods plant-1 25.73, number of seeds pod-1 10.54, test weight of 1000 seeds 54.66 g, grain yield 11.73 q ha-1 with benefit cost ratio 1: 2.33 best from T1 [(control) P @ 0% + Zinc @ 0 %].

Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Kandhmal District, Odisha, India

A study was done to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of soils in 2022–23 in several Kandhmal districts of Odisha. The primary goals of this study were to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of soil at various depths. To determine the availability of macronutrients in soil samples from Udayagiri, Raikia, and Tikabali blocks in Kandhmal District, Odisha, and to provide an assessment, 9 sampling locations were chosen. The depths at which soil samples were taken were 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm, respectively. The soil colour (dry condition) varied from brownish yellow to yellow. The soil colour (wet condition) varied from dark reddish brown to dark brown. On practically every site, sand and loam dominated the soil texture. Bulk density varied between 1.01 and 1.49 Mg/m3). The range of the particle density was 2.14 to 2.52 Mg m-3. Pore space varied between 47.64 and 41.11%. The range of the water-retaining capacity was 45.17 to 39.17%. The pH of the soil was 5.01 to 6.15, which indicates that it is moderately acidic. Between 0.17 and 0.41 dS m-1, the electrical conductivity was found to be The range of the soil's organic carbon was 0.21 to 0.41%. The range of available nitrogen was 134–330 kg ha-1. The range of available phosphorus was 3.56 to 23.82 kg ha-1. From 108.39 to 256 kg ha-1, there was potassium that was readily available. Between 3.32 and 4.02 cmol (p+) kg-1 of exchangeable calcium were present. The range of the exchangeable magnesium was 2.6 to 3.6 [cmol (p+) kg-1]. are very sufficient on this soil. There is growing awareness of the importance of improving the soil's macronutrients for good soil health and optimal plant nutrition in order to achieve the highest possible economic yield and a soil that is suited for all important tropical and subtropical crops. Results suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as conservation tillage and crop rotation, which will contribute to maintaining the soil's physical characteristics and ensure the sustainability of agricultural practises and the long-term health of the soil.

Influence of Different Levels of NPK and Biochar on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil in Field Pea

An experiment was conducted during in Rabi season (December 2021 – March 2022) on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of NPK and Biochar (0, 50 and 100%). The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers increased growth, yield of field pea and improved soil chemical properties. It was recorded from the application of NPK and Biochar fertilizers in treatment T9 [NPK @ 100% + Biochar @ 100%] maximum bulk density 1.274 Mg m-3 at and 1.279 Mg m-3, particle density 2.518 Mg m-3 and 1.523 Mg m-3, % pore space 47.71% and 44.68%, water holding capacity 39.75% and 36.82%, pH 7.05 at and 7.15 at, EC 0.473 dS m-1 and 0.479 dS m-1, organic carbon 0.497% and 0.495%, available nitrogen 314.56 kg ha-1 and 311.55 kg ha-1, available phosphorus 38.70 kg ha-1 and 36.28 kg ha-1, available potassium 220.42 kg ha-1 and 217.67 kg ha-1 all parameters at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm best from T1 [ NPK @ 0% + Biochar @ 0 %].

Effect of Incorporation of Sewage Sludge and Fly Ash on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Okra in Inceptisols of Prayagraj U.P

The present research was conducted to determine whether it would be feasible to grow Okra in amended soil utilising sewage sludge and fly ash. Different types of nutrients and heavy metals were found in both soil amendments and for growth of the plant and crop yield they are used as ameliorate in acidic soils. In the research trial, soil properties like Bulk density, Particle density and pH are found to be positively non-significant and Pore space, Water holding capacity, EC, OC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron, Manganese, Zinc and copper are found to be positively significantly low to medium range, which comprises yellowish brown sandy loam textured neutral to alkaline soil that is non-saline in nature among all the treatment combination applied.