Analysis of the of Pb, Cd and As in decoction of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. by PBET digestion in vitro/Caco-2 cell model and their cumulative risk assessment / 药学学报

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. The physiologically based extraction test (PBET) digestion in vitro/Caco-2 cell model was established to investigate the bioaccessible contents of Pb, Cd and As in decoction of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. The target-organ toxicity dose modification of HI method (TTD) was used to evaluate the cumulative risk caused by the combined exposure of the total levels of Pb, Cd and As in Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. and the bioaccessible contents in the decoction. The results showed that the total contents of Pb, Cd and As in 4 batches of samples were in the range of 2.901-3.872, 1.299-1.800 and 0.062-0.216 mg·kg-1, respectively. After transportation by Cacco-2 cells, the bioaccessible contents of Pb, Cd, and As in the decoction were in the range of 0.045-0.080, 0.070-0.112 and 0.004-0.018 mg·kg-1. The results of risk assessment showed that calculated by the total amounts of heavy metals in the Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm., for the end points of nervous system, the cumulative risks of co-exposure of heavy metals in 3 batches of samples were of concern. After decoction and transportation by Caco-2 cells, for the end points of cardiovascular system, blood, nervous system, kidney and testis, the TTD modification of HI values of all batches of samples were less than 1, and the health risks were acceptable. The study provided methodology basis for a more objective assessment of the health risks of heavy metals and harmful elements in traditional Chinese medicine and for a more scientific limit standard of heavy metals and harmful elements.

Determination and Risk Assessment of Six Hepatotoxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Verbenae Herba / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） for simultaneous determination of six hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Verbenae Herba， and to carry out preliminary risk assessment according to the research results. Method:An ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was used for analysis with 0.05% formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate in water （A）-0.05% formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate in acetonitrile （B） as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-12 min， 3%-8%B； 12-25 min， 8%-15%B； 25-26 min， 15%-3%B； 26-30 min， 3%B）， the flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 40 ℃， and the injection volume was 1 μL. MS system was operated by electrospray ionization （ESI） in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring mode. MS parameters of triple quadrupole and six analytes were optimized for qualitative and quantitative analysis. According to the determination results， the risk assessment was carried out by using margin of exposure （MOE） combined with transfer rate of hot water extraction. Result:Based on the instrument precision， linear range， repeatability， stability， recovery and other methodological validations， the results were in conformity with relevant standards of quantitative analysis. The linear ranges of intermedine， lycopsamine， intermedine <italic>N</italic>-oxide， lycopsamine<italic> N</italic>-oxide， echimidine<italic> N</italic>-oxide and echimidine were good （<italic>r</italic>≥0.999 0） between peak area and mass concentration in the ranges of 0.984-49.20， 0.994-49.70， 1.012-50.60， 1.032-51.60， 1.004-50.20， 1.016-50.80 µg·L^-1， respectively. The average recoveries of these six analytes were 87.2%-94.2% with relative standard deviation （RSD）<4.0%. Their MOE values were >10 000. Conclusion:The UPLC-MS/MS established in this study is stable and feasible， which can provide scientific basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Verbenae Herba.

Simultaneous determination of six pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different parts of Emilia sonchifolia by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to develop a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of six pyrrolizidine alkaloids(PAs)--intermedine N-oxide(ImNO), lycopsamine N-oxide(LyNO), seneciphylline(Sp), seneciphylline N-oxide(SpNO), senecionine N-oxide(SnNO), and senkirkine(Sk) in different parts of Emilia sonchifolia. UPLC conditions are as follows: ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm), mobile phase consisting of 0.05% formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L~(-1) ammonium formate in water(A)-0.05% formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L~(-1) ammonium formate in acetonitrile(B) for gradient elution. MS conditions are as below: electrospray ionization(ESI) in the positive ion mode, multiple reaction monitoring(MRM), and the content of the six PAs was calculated with the external standard method. The results suggested the differences in the six PAs among different parts of E. sonchifolia. Sk was detected in all the four parts, with similar content. SnNO also existed in all the four parts, but the content in roots was significantly higher than that in other parts. Sp and SpNO were found in both roots and flowers, with the content higher in the former than in the later. ImNO and LyNO were only found in leaves, and the content was low. Among the six components detected, ImNO, LyNO, and SpNO were found and determined for the first time, which enriched the toxic components and laid a scientific basis for the quality and safety evaluation of E. sonchifolia.

Application of Bioaccessibility in Health Risk Assessment of Cd in Traditional Chinese Medicines / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and apply the bioaccessibility of Cd in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to human health risk assessment, and provide reference for the formulation of limit standards. METHODS: The contents of Cd in Coptis chinensis Franch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The bioaccessibility of Cd in TCMs was investigated by in vitro physiologically based extraction test(PBET) digestion method. And the target hazard quotient (THQ) was applied to assess the health risks of Cd contents. RESULTS: The bioaccessibility of Cd for Coptis chinensis Franch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang was 49.0%, 40.0%, 44.9% and 65.7%, respectively. The results of risk assessment showed that before extraction, THQ values of Cd for Coptis chinensis Franch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang were 1.895, 1.045, 1.446 and 1.653, respectively; after extraction, THQ values of Cd for the four types of TCMs were 0.929, 0.418, 0.649 and 1.077, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cd in the four types of TCMs cannot be completely absorbed in the artificial gastrointestinal phase, and the risks of Cd are reduced after extraction. Except THQ for Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang, the THQ values are below the value of 1, indicating very low health risks for the other three types of TCMs after extraction. In this study, the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in TCMs is applied to the health risk assessment model in order to provide a scientific basis for objectively evaluating the health risks of heavy metals in TCMs and formulating a scientific and reasonable heavy metal limit standards.

Anewoleanolicacid-typesaponinfromrootsofPanaxginseng / 中草药

Objective To systematically investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Panaxginseng. Methods Mild cold-soaked extraction by 70% aqueous ethanol, successive solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and n-butanol, column chromatography by D101 macroporous absorption resin and reversed-phase silica gel, and semi-preparative HPLC, were used for compounds isolation and purification, while high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR data were analyzed for compounds identification. Results A new oleanolic acid tetraglycoside (1) and 19 known ginsenosides (2-20) were isolated and identified. Compound 1 was identified as oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, named ginsenoside Ro1 (1). The 19 known ginsenosides were notoginsenoside FP1 (2), ginsenoside Re3 (3), notoginsenoside Rt (4), 20-O-glucosyl ginsenoside Rf (5), ginsenoside Re2 (6), ginsenoside Rg2 (7), ginsenoside Ra2 (8), ginsenoside Rb1 (9), ginsenoside Rc (10), ginsenoside Ra1 (11), malonylginsenoside Rb1 (12), malonylfloralginsenoside Rd5 (13), malonylginsenoside Rc (14), ginsenoside Ro (15), ginsenoside Rd (16), ginsenoside F2 (17), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 (18), ginsenoside F3 (19) and ginsenoside F1 (20). Conclusion Compound1is a new compound. Compound 2, notoginsenoside FP1, is isolated from this plant for the first time.

Determination of the bioaccessibility of cadmium and arsenic in earthworms by PBET digestion in vitro / MDCK cell model with risk assessment / 药学学报

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the content of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in earthworms. A physiologically-based extraction test (PBET) digestion in vitro /MDCK cell model was established to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd and As in earthworms. The hazard index (HI) method and the margin of exposure (MOE) method were used to assess the risks of the total content and the bioaccessible content of Cd and As. The results showed that the total content of Cd and As in six batches of earthworms ranged from 8.319 to 33.606 mg·kg-1 and from 0.532 to 16.412 mg·kg-1, respectively. After uptake by MDCK cells, the bioaccessibility of Cd in earthworms ranged from 10.13% to 64.16%, and the bioaccessibility of As was from 2.72% to 46.57%. The results of risk assessment showed that before uptake by MDCK cells, the MOE values of As and HI values of Cd for all batches of earthworms were greater than 1, which suggests that the risks of As are acceptable but the risks of Cd are unacceptable. After transportation by MDCK cells, except for one batch of earthworms, the HI values of Cd in the other five batches were less than 1, which suggests that the risks are at a safe level. This study provides important technical support for a more objective and scientific assessment of the health risks of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines, and for a more scientific and reasonable standard limit of heavy metals.

Analysis and health risk assessment, including recommendation of limits for heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese patent medicines / 药学学报

Heavy metals and other harmful elements in traditional Chinese medicines inflict serious damage on public health. Therefore, risk assessment of Chinese raw materials has gained increasing attention. To date, few reports have been published on the health risk assessment of heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese patent medicines. To gain a comprehensive understanding of heavy metals and other harmful elements in Chinese patent medicines and to establish proper limits, residual Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu and Cr in 15 054 samples of 295 drugs was analyzed with regard to distribution and variation between elements and dosage forms. In addition, in accord with procedures including hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization, basic procedures and specific parameters for risk assessment of heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese patent medicines were clarified based on the health risk assessment of 14 787 samples and 276 drugs. A method and equation for establishing residual limits is proposed. The results show that content and target hazard quotients (THQs) of the investigated elements in all samples showed a skewed distribution approaching 0. Content of Pb, As, Cu, Hg, Cd or Cr in the samples exceeded 100 mg·kg-1 and the content of Pb, As, or Cu in individual samples exceeded 1 000 mg·kg-1. THQs of 586 samples and four drugs were above 1. We believe that the health risk of Hg, Pb and As in Chinese patent medicines with dosage forms of pill, capsule, tablet and powder, especially those in raw powder preparations, warrant concern.

Determination and risk assessment of heavy metals and harmful elements residues in Niuhuang Qingwei Pills based on ICP-MS / 中国中药杂志

To achieve a comprehensive understanding of heavy metals and harmful elements residues in Niuhuang Qingwei Pills,49 samples from 18 manufactures were collected from 31 provinces in China.Risk assessment and control preparations were applied innovatively in evaluation of exogenous pollution in traditional Chinese Medicine.Determination methods for Pb,Cd,As,Hg and Cu were established by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Based on the procedures including hazard identification,hazard characterization,exposure assessment and risk characterization,risk assessment was performed and residual limits for Pb,Cd,As,Hg and Cu in the drug were formulated.The results showed that the hazardous quotients(HQ) of the elements were decreased in the following order:Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cd,and the total hazardous index(HI) of heavy metals and harmful elements in Niuhuang Qingwei Pills was above 1,implying health risk of the drug.Under the proposed limits,5 elements in the control preparation as well as Cd and Cu in the samples were within the limits range,but the excess rates of Pb,As and Hg in the samples were 12%,12% and 14%,respectively.For the first time,basic steps for risk assessment of Chinese patent medicine were established,which provided model and reference for risk assessment and limit formulation of other drugs.

Study on interaction between ginsenosides Rg_1,Rb_1 and Ro and bovine serum albumin / 中国中药杂志

Small molecules with physiological or pharmacological activities need to interact with biological macromolecules in order to function in the body. As the protein with the highest proportion of plasma protein,serum albumin is the main protein binding to various endogenous or exogenous small molecules. Serum albumin interacts with small molecules in a reversible non-covalent manner and transports small molecules to target sites. Bovine serum albumin( BSA) is an ideal target protein for drug research because of its low cost and high homology with human serum albumin. The research on the interaction between drugs and BSA has become a hotspot in the fields of pharmacy,medicine,biology and chemistry. In this research,molecular docking method was used to study the interaction between three small ginsenosides with high pharmacological value( Rg_1,Rb_1,Ro) and bovine serum albumin( BSA),and the binding mode information of three ginsenosides interacting with BSA was obtained. The results of molecular docking showed that ginsenosides and amino acid residues in the active pocket of proteins could be combined by hydrophobic action,hydrogen bonding and electrostatic action. The interaction between small ginsenosides and bovine serum albumin is not the only form,and their interaction has many forms of force. The interaction between these molecules and various weak forces is the key factor for the stability of the complex. The results of this study can provide the structural information of computer simulation for the determination of the interaction patterns between active components and proteins of ginseng.

Preparation,Characterization and in Vitro and in Vivo Absorption Characteristics of Daidzein Nanosuspension Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To prepare daidzein nanosuspension capsules,and to investigate intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability by comparing with commercial daidzein capsules. Method:Daidzein nanosuspensions were prepared by precipitation method combined with high pressure homogenization,orthogonal design method was utilized to optimize its formulation.Daidzein nanosuspensions was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and indexes including mean particle size,polydispersity index(PDI),and Zeta potential.Intestinal absorption study was carried out to compare the accumulative permeated amount of daidzein from daidzein nanosuspensions and commercial daidzein capsules.Biodistribution of daidzein in gastrointestinal tract was investigated,and oral bioavailability was examined through pharmacokinetic study by HPLC. Result:The in vitro small intestinal absorption enhancement ratio of daidzein nanosuspension capsules was approximately 2.49-fold higher than that of commercial capsules(PConclusion:Daidzein nanosuspensions prepared by combined method can be applied to the production of capsules,which is beneficial to increase the absorption of drug in small intestine and improve its bioavailability after oral administration.

Data fusion and multi-components quantitative analysis for identification and quality evaluation of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins / 中国中药杂志

The accumulation of secondary metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is closely related to its origins. The identification of origins and multi-components quantitative evaluation are of great significance to ensure the quality of medicinal materials. In this study, the identification of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins was conducted by data fusion of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination of partial least squares discriminant analysis; meanwhile quantitative analysis of index components was conducted to provide an accurate and comprehensive identification and quality evaluation strategy for selecting the best production areas of G. rigescens. In this study, the FTIR and HPLC information of 169 G. rigescens samples from Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces were collected. The raw infrared spectra were pre-treated by multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate (SNV) and Savitzky-Golay (SG) derivative. Then the performances of FTIR, HPLC, and low-level data fusion and mid-level data fusion for identification were compared, and the contents of gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, loganic acid and sweroside were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the FTIR spectra of G. rigescens from different geographical origins were different, and the best pre-treatment method was SNV+SG-derivative (second derivative, 15 as the window parameter, and 2 as the polynomial order). The results showed that the accuracy rate of low- and mid-level data fusion (96.43%) in prediction set was higher than that of FTIR and HPLC (94.64%) in prediction set. In addition, the accuracy of low-level data fusion (100%) in the training set was higher than that of mid-level data fusion (99.12%) in training set. The contents of the iridoid glycosides in Yunnan were the highest among different provinces. The average content of gentiopicroside, as a bioactive marker in Chinese pharmacopoeia, was 47.40 mg·g⁻¹, and the maximum was 79.83 mg·g⁻¹. The contents of loganic acid, sweroside and gentiopicroside in Yunnan were significantly different from other provinces (<0.05). In comparison of total content of iridoid glycosides in G. rigescens with different geographical origins in Yunnan, it was found that the amount of iridoid glycosides was higher in Eryuan Dali (68.59 mg·g⁻¹) and Yulong Lijiang (66.68 mg·g⁻¹), significantly higher than that in Wuding Chuxiong (52.99 mg·g⁻¹), Chengjiang Yuxi (52.29 mg·g⁻¹) and Xundian Kunming (46.71 mg·g⁻¹) (<0.05), so these two places can be used as a reference region for screening cultivation and excellent germplasm resources of G. rigescens. A comprehensive and accurate method was established by data fusion of HPLC-FTIR and quantitative analysis of HPLC for identification and quality evaluation of G. rigescens, which could provide a support for the development and utilization of G. rigescens.

Blindness causes analysis of 1854 hospitalized patients in Xinjiang / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AlM:To analyze the blindness causes of 1854 cases in our hospital hospitalized patients, and explore the strategy and direction of blindness prevention according to the different treatment efficacy.?METHODS: Cluster sampling was used to select from September 2010 to August 2013 in our hospital department of ophthalmology patients 5 473 cases, in which total of 1 854 cases of blind patients, accounting for 33. 88% of hospitalized patients. According to the WHO's criteria of blindness. The BCVA enacted <0. 05 or vision radius less than 10 degrees are for the blind, and the exclusion of less than 3 years old children don't cope with visual inspection of the inclusion criteria for age and cause of blindness blind patients were analyzed. To the blind to patient age and etiology were analyzed, the main cause of blindness and statistics of all ages, records of the blind patients after treatment eye sight;and calculating the blindness of the literacy rate, on the blindness through analysis of the causes of the risk treatment.?RESULTS:ln 1 854 cases of blind patients, including 728 people right-eye blinding, 767 people left-eyes blinding, 359 people total blinding, adding up to 2 213 eyes, aged from 60~80 years old were in the majority. The top three diseases resulting blindness were cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. ln 2 213 blind eyes, the eyes treated were 2 172, of which 1 762 eyes ( 81. 12%) were succeeded, 410 eyes ( 18. 88%) failed. ln the failed cases, the first three diseases were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment.?CONCLUSlON: ln recent years, disease etiology of blinding eye has changed, but cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are still high incidence of blindness due, so the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment should be the emphasis for blindness prevention and treatment in the future.

Shikani™ Seeing Optical Stylet-aided tracheal intubation in patients with a large epiglottic cyst / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Large epiglottic cysts can block the glottis, leading to serious consequences. This condition presents a challenge in terms of airway management for anesthesiologists during induction of anesthesia. We report the use of a Shikani™ Seeing Optical Stylet combined with a Macintosh laryngoscope to aid tracheal intubation in seven patients with large epiglottic cysts. Use of this technique can avoid cyst rupture and allow smooth, safe intubation.

Isolation and identification of side population cells in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and characterize the side population cells (SP cells) in the lung adenocarcinomas cell line A549.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The protein expression of ABCG2 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was detected by immunohistochemistry. SP and NSP cells in the cell line A549 were isolated by FACS, and their differentiation was analysed. ABCG2 expression in the two cell subsets was detected by RT-PCR. The cell growth curves, cell division indexes, cell cycles, plate clone formation tests, migration and invasion assays, chemotherapeutic susceptibility tests, tests of the intracellular drug levels, and the tumor cell implantation experiments on nude mice were applied to study the biological properties of the two cell subsets. The expression of ABCG2 in the transplanted tumor in nude mice was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of ABCG2 expression in the A549 cells by immunohistochemistry was 2.13%. SP and NSP cells were isolated by FACS. The SP cells could produce both SP and NSP cells, while NSP cells only produced NSP cells. SP cells expressed ABCG2, but NSP cells did not. The proliferation and migration abilities of the two cell subsets were similar, but the invasion and tumorigenic ability of SP cells was significantly higher than that of NSP cells. The susceptibilities to DDP and its intracellular levels of the two cell subsets were similar, but the susceptibilities to 5-FU, VP16, NVB and GEM and their intracellular levels of NSP cells were significantly higher than those of the SP cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SP cells in the human lung adenocarcinomas cell line A549 is enriched with tumor stem cells. An effective way to get lung adenocarcinomas stem cells is to isolate SP cells by FACS.</p>

Evaluation of retropalatal mechanical loads in patients with obstructive sleep apnea / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the mechanical load of retropalatal airway in obstructive sleep apnea patients, and to investigate the contributions of pharyngeal anatomy to upper airway collapsibility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Static mechanical load of transpalatal pharynx was determined by opening pressure (Popen) of the segment during general anesthesia in 30 patients and 14 controls. Size of pharynx was measured while intraluminal pressure was controlled at 3-20 cm H2O (1 cm H2O = 0.09806 kPa) and the minimal intraluminal pressure that needed to compensate for the mechanical load of a retropalatal segment was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pharyngeal cavity collapse at the level of the hard palate was observed in only one of the 30 subjects (3.3%), and in none of the 14 controls. At tongue base level, 23 subjects had a Popen > 0 cm H2O (76.7%) while in 7 of the controls (50.0%) had a Popen > 0 cm H2O. And at the level of the uvual and soft palate, pharyngeal collapses was observed in all subjects except in 9 of the controls (64.3%). The median of Popen was 8.3 [5.9;11.5] cm H2O in the patients group and was 2.7 [-3.9;6.0] cm H2O in the control group. Differences of Popen were significant between patients and controls (U = 58.500, P = 0.000). The correlation between Popen and AHI was also significant at 0.05 level (r = 0.377, P = 0.044).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with sleep apnea have more collapsible passive upper airway than controls. Retropalatal and retroglossal airway are the most collapsible segments and positive pressures are needed to compensate for the mechanical loads.</p>

Relationship between combined multigene detection and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship between combined multigene detection and response to adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue microarray was prepared from samples of 86 cases of early-stage NSCLC who received adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery. The expressions of caspase-3, Fas, bax, bcl-2, survivin, PCNA, Ki67, MGMT, p53, p63, p73, p16, p27, VEGF, nm23, P-gp, MRP, LRP, GST-pi, Topo II, c-myc, cyclin-D1, Her-2, Cox-2, Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, ERCC1, MSH2, BCRP proteins were detected using immunohistochemical two-step method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of the 30 genes in lung cancer tissue were 27.9% - 91.9%, respectively. By univariate analysis, the expression of 8 genes was shown to be related with SCLC adjuvant chemotherapy. The cases with higher expression of survivin, P-gp, LRP, Ki67, p53, ERCC1 and lower expression of bax,VEGF had worse prognosis. By logistic regression analysis, the ERCC1, survivin, bax and VEGF were a marker group. Multivariate analysis showed the predict value of the response to adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage NSCLC was 96.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Survivin, ERCC1, bax and VEGF are an ideal marker group to predict the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage NSCLC.</p>