MEK1 and MEK2 differentially regulate human insulin- and insulin glargine-induced human bladder cancer T24 cell proliferation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increased risk of bladder cancer has been reported in diabetic patients. This study was to investigate the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1 and 2 in the regulation of human insulin- and insulin glargine-induced proliferation of human bladder cancer T24 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the absence or presence of a selective inhibitor for MEK1 (PD98059) or a specific siRNA for MEK2 (siMEK2), with or without addition of insulin or glargine, T24 cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. Protein expression of MEK2, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt was analyzed by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>T24 cell proliferation was promoted by PD98059 at 5 - 20 µmol/L, inhibited by siMEK2 at 25 - 100 nmol/L. PD98059 and siMEK2 remarkably reduced phosphorylated ERK1/2. Insulin- and glargine-induced T24 cell proliferation was enhanced by PD98059, suppressed while not blocked by siMEK2. Insulin- and glargine-induced ERK1/2 activation was blocked by PD98059 or siMEK2 treatment, whereas activation of Akt was not affected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MEK1 inhibits while MEK2 contributes to normal and human insulin- and insulin glargine-induced human bladder cancer T24 cell proliferation.</p>

Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced early proliferation of insulin secreting NIT-1 cell is associated with nuclear factor-kappaB- mediated inhibition of caspase 3 cleavage / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increased levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been found in obesity and diabetes patients. This study was to investigate the effect of LPS on pancreatic beta-cell viability and the involvement of caspase 3 in NIT-1 cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse insulinoma NIT-1 cells were treated with LPS for the indicated time and dose. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 reagent. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 were detected by Western blotting. Insulin was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPS promoted NIT-1 cell proliferation at 1 µg/ml, peaked at 72 hours of incubation. A reduction in cleavage of caspase 3 was observed upon LPS treatment. Bay11-7082, a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, blunted LPS-induced inhibition of caspase 3 cleavage. Reduction in chronic insulin secretion was observed after treatment with LPS at 1 µg/ml for 48 and 72 hours, not for 24 hours. TLR4 protein was upregulated when NIT-1 cells were treated with LPS at 1 µg/ml for 24 hours.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LPS promotes early NIT-1 cell proliferation in association with NF-κB-mediated inhibition of caspase 3 cleavage. LPS exerts a time-dependent inhibitory effect on chronic insulin secretion from NIT-1 cells.</p>

Compare of laparoscopic and open surgery for radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical therapeutic effect and complications of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder (LRC-INB) with open radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder (ORC-INB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 171 patients were evaluated, including 63 cases with ORC-INB and 108 cases with LRC-INB from June 1994 to May 2007 at our institution. The parameters analyzed included perioperative data, postoperative complications, new bladder function and effect of tumor control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics of patients between these 2 groups. The mean operating time was 330 min in the LRC group and 310 min in the ORC group (P > 0.05). The mean blood loss was 320 ml in the LRC group and 1100 ml in ORC group (P < 0.001). The mean oral intake after operation was 2.4 days for LRC group and 4.5 days for ORC group (P < 0.001). No perioperative death was occurred in both groups. The complication rate was 18.5% in LRC group, while 30.0% in ORC group (P < 0.05). Twelve months after operation, the day-time and night-time continence rate were 90.7% and 82.6% for the LRC group, 88.3% and 81.6% for the ORC group respectively (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference of VOL, pressure and residual urine volume (RUV) of neobladder between these 2 groups. Surgical margin were tumor free for 107 cases except one T4 case in laparoscopic group had positive margin (P > 0.05). The mean number of removed lymph node were 12 and 8 in LRC and ORC group respectively (P < 0.05). The 2 years tumor free survival rate of the same stage or grade was no significant different (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LCR had advantages of less blood loss, shorter oral intake time, less postoperative complications, comparable continent rate and short-term tumor control with ORC. Long-term follow up is needed to confirm the oncological outcome.</p>

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the female: report of 14 cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignant urological tumor in China. We present our preliminary experience and results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients with bladder carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2003 to February 2008, 14 female patients with bladder carcinoma underwent LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Nine of these patients underwent hysterectomy and ovariectomy, and the other 5 had preservation of the uterus and ovarian appendage. Standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was followed by radical cystectomy that was completed laparoscopically with hysterectomy and ovariectomy when needed. The tumor was removed by a 4 - 5 cm lower midline abdominal incision, followed by the construction of ileal neobladder and the extracorporeal anastomosis of ureter-neobladder. The neobladder was anastomosed to the urethral stump under a laparoscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operative time and blood loss in the 14 patients were 350.2 minutes and 349.8 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications included uretero-pouch anastomotic stricture in 1 patient and pouch-vaginal fistula in 1 patient. Follow-up time of all patients ranged from 3 to 60 months, and 12 patients were followed up for more than 6 months and achieved micturition in half a year. One patient had occasional day-time urinary incontinence and 2 had night-time incontinence. Two patients who had undergone hysterectomy and ovariectomy had voiding difficulties after one year, which was treated by intermittent self-catheterization. The mean volume of the neobladder and the residual urine were 333.6 ml and 31.2 ml, respectively. Surgical margins were tumor free for all patients. One patient had bone metastasis and died 11 months after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients is a technically feasible, safe and mini-invasive procedure with a low morbidity and acceptable neobladder function. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm the neobladder function and oncological outcomes.</p>

Screening and characterization of human phage Fab antibody gene to prostate specific membrane antigen / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen and characterize the variable region gene about prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) of the Chinese Fab fragment, and to establish a new approach to researches on PSMA and prostate gene therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used purified PSMA protein as antigen, stuck it on the ELISA plate and scanned the phage Fab fragment antibody library by phage display technology. After five cycles of "absorbing-elution-amplification", we got the Fab fragment phage antibody of PSMA with high antigen binding ability and specificity, and tested it with immunodetection and sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequence of Fd fragment was 696 base pairs encoding 232 amino-acid residues, with 98% homological similarity to the human immunoglobulin gamma chain, while the light chain was constructed by 630 base pairs encoding 210 amino-acid residues, with 93% homological similarity to kappa chain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using phage display technology, we obtained the gene sequence of Fab antibody fragment specific to PSMA, and the antibody gene has the classic structural features of immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain. The coding output of the antibody gene has the specificity and immunological competence to PSMA.</p>

Identification of response element gene sequence for non-steroid hormone transcription factors for the activation and up-regulation of L-plastin expression in prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search and identify the non-steroid receptor binding cis-acting elements in the L-plastin promoter in prostate cancer, and the correlative regulation pathway and transcription factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the basis of construction of the L-plastin promoter luciferase vectors which were removed the steroid hormone receptor AR and ER binding elements, the promoter on the vector was nest-deleted by Exonuclease III and the relative luciferase plasmids were constructed. Transfected these twelve plasmids into prostate cancer cell line LNCaP under dihydrotestosterone-stimulated situation or not and test the intensity of luciferase, then we got the regulation message of every 200 bp part of the promoter in prostate cancer. After the analysis of relative programme, we got the possible regu- lation pathway of non-steroid hormone transcription factors. After removing the possible transcription factors binding site sequence by site-specific mutagenesis, the changes luciferase of activities proved our reasoning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We succeed in segmental deletion of the L-plastin promoter, and constructing the relative plasmids containing part L-plastin promoter on luciferase vector pGL3-basic. After testing the luciferase activities of constructed plasmids, we found the sequence from 206 to 1 of L-plastin promoter had significant luciferase activity. The software TRANSFECT showed that there were binding elements for transcription factors AP-4 at seq-198 to 192 and SP-1 at seq-54 to 41 on the short part promoter (206 to 1). The recombinant plasmids deleted the AP-4 and SP-1 binding elements had lower luciferase activity than the wild-type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are some other non-steroid hormone pathway to regulate the expression of L-plastin except the steroid hormone pathway in prostate cancer. The main binding sites of the non-steroid hormone regulator lies in the sequence from 206 to 1. Transcription factors AP4 and SP-1 may up-regulated the expression of L-plastin by binding these sites.</p>

Needle laparoscopic varicocelectomy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We evaluated our method and effects of needle laparoscopic varicocelectomy for the treatment of varicocele.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>72 patients (105 lateral) diagnosed varicocele were performed laparoscopic varicocelectomy under epidural combined intravenous anesthesia from Feb, 2003 to Apr, 2005. Two 2 mm incisions and one 5 mm incision were made on the midline of lower abdomen, by which two 2 mm trocars and one 5 mm trocar were introduced. Vessel-sealing device (Ligasure) was used to seal the internal spermatic veins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All operations were completed successfully. Mean operation time was 15 minutes unilateral and 21 minutes bilateral. The patients were hospitalized for 3 to 5 days after procedure. Follow-up was scheduled for 6 to 12 months and there was no recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Needle laparoscopic varicocelectomy gives favorable effect with minimal invasion, rapid recovery, which is the best choice for the treatment of varicocele.</p>