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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treating glioma in combination with drugs multiply by comparing the size of tumor and the survival time of different groups in rat glioma after targeted blood-brain barrier (BBB ) disruption by MRI-guided focused ultrasound.Methods The stereotaxis instruments and the 10 μl gas-tight syringes were used to inject gliosarcoma cells into the targeted area of the brain in 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats.The glioma-bearing rat model was established.Each rat received either:(1 )no treatment (control;n =8);(2)single liposomal doxorubicin (DOX;n = 10);(3)multiple DOX (n =10);(4)single Avastin (AVS)and DOX (n =10);(5)multiple AVS and DOX (n =10).The SonoVue microbubble ultrasonic contrast agent and DOX or AVS were injected into the tail vein respectively on day 12 after implantation.The tumor size was measured by MRI on pre-treatment,immediacy and once a week of post-treatment after targeted BBB disruption by focused ultrasound,and the life span in rat glioma was recorded.Results The mediam survival of different groups in rat glioma(The range of the life span 13-90 d):no treatment (7 d);single DOX (12 d);multiple DOX (1 5 d);single AVS + DOX (22 d), multiple AVS+ DOX (30 d).There was significant difference of the groups on mediam survival comparison (P < 0.01 ).The tumor growth pattern after post-treatment of different groups in rat glioma except control:single DOX was noticeable fast and multiple AVS+DOX was visibly delayed comparable to other groups,and finally the tumor size of multiple AVS + DOX even became small.Conclusions The microbubble blasting enhances the local tissue permeability and promotes the drug delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis locally in glioma-bearing rats by MRI-guided focused ultrasound.Especially,the combination with drugs multiply has a synergism efficacy that may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy,reduce tumor growth,and even become small of the tumor size,and increase survival time significantly after BBB disruption.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treating glioma in combination of two kinds of drugs by comparing the size of tumors and the survival time of different groups in rat glioma after targeted blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption by focused ultrasound under MRI‐guide. Methods The stereotaxis instruments and the 10 μl gas‐tight syringes were used to inject gliosarcoma cells into the targeted area of the brain in 40 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. The glioma‐bearing rats models were established. Rats were divided into 4 groups to receive different treatment :(1) no treatment (control, n = 8), (2) IV Avastin (Avastin only, n =10), (3) IV liposomal doxorubicin (DOX only, n =10), (4) IV Avastin and liposomal doxorubicin (Avastin+DOX, n =10). The SonoVue microbubbles and DOX or Avastin were injected into the tail vein respectively on the 12th day after implantation. The tumor size was measured by MRI on immediacy, once a week after targeted BBB disruption by focused ultrasound, and the life span in rat glioma was recorded. Results The average survival time of different groups in rat glioma was as follows :no treatment(17 ± 4)d, Avastin(20 ± 4)d, DOX(25 ± 5)d, DOX+ Avastin(40 ± 5)d. The tumor size after post‐treatment of different groups in rat glioma was as follows :no treatment(5 7.0 ± 4 3.0)mm, Avastin(4 3.0 ± 2 5.0)mm, DOX(4 1.2 ± 3 1.0)mm, DOX + Avastin(2. 20 ± 1. 30)mm. There was significant increased in average survival time and decreased in tumor size after a combination treatment DOX+ Avastin compared with other groups( P < 0 0.1). Conclusions The microbubble blasting by MRI‐guided focused ultrasound enhances the local tissue permeability and promotes the drug delivery of chemotherapy and anti‐angiogenesis locally in glioma‐bearing rats. Especially, the combination of two kinds of drugs has a synergism efficacy that may reduce tumor growth and increase survival time significantly after BBB disruption.
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The syndrome differentiation of TCM is the combination of logical thinking and non-logical thinking. There are many factors that can influence the syndrome differentiation, and its core is the thinking model of syndrome differentiation. So many TCM doctors payed attention to it in the past dynasties, and a famous doctor must have good thinking of syndrome differentiation. The writer discussed some common used thinking model of syndromes differentiation on basis of medical records of different dynasties as well as visiting some famous doctors.
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Objective To study the clinical value of laparoscopic operation in the treatment of interstitial tubal pregnancy. Methods Clinical data of 21 cases of interstitial tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic operation were retrospectively studied. Results Operations in all the 21 cases were conducted successfully,without conversions to open surgery and intra- or post- operative complications.The operation time was 25 ～ 90 min (mean,40 min),and the postoperative hospital stay was 3 ～ 6 d (mean,4.5 d). Conclusions Laparoscopic operation for the treatment of interstitial tubal pregnancy is feasible.
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Objective To investigate if isoflurane pretreatment can protect brain from bilateral hemispheric ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Seventy-eight male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups : (A) sham operation group ( n = 15 ); (B) ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R, n = 21); (C) ischemia-preconditioning group (IP, n = 21) and (D) isoflurane pretreatment group (ISO, n = 21) Group B, C and D were further divided into 3 subgroups according to the duration of reperfusion 6 h, 24 h, 72 h. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by 4-artery occlusion technique. In sham operation group (A) bilateral vertebral and common carotid arteries were exposed but not occluded. In ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded by cauterization and bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed and clamped for 20 min, then undamped for reperfusion of different duration (6 h, 24 h and 72 h) . In ischemia-preconditioning group (C) ischemia-reperfusion was preceded by 3 min global ischemia. In isoflurane-pretreatment group (D) the animals inhaled 1,5% isoflurane for 2 h before I/R. The animals were sacrificed right after reperfusion and brain was removed immediately for microscopic examination of hippocampal CA1. The number of living neurons (HE staining) and apoptotic neurons (TUNEL) was counted. Results (1) In group B (I/R) the number of living neurons in CA1 was decreasing with duration of reperfusion from 90.2 ? 2.4 (after 6 h reperfusion) to 45.8 ??4.9 (72 h of reperfusion) ( P