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Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection in pediatric kidney transplant patients.Methods:From May 2014 to July 2021, a total of 9 cases(8.65%)of 104 pediatric kidney transplant recipients were diagnosed with CMV infection in our centre.Retrospective data was collected for these 9 paediatric recipients.The clinical characteristics of the disease, treatment data and outcomes were summarized.Results:The median age of the 9 children was 10 years(0.25-15 years), 6 of whom were treated with polyclonal antibody for immunity induction.CMV IgG was negative in 4 children before renal transplantation.Only one patient received anti-CMV prophylaxis.The median time from transplant to the diagnosis of CMV infection was 22(7-15)days.Among the 9 children, 7 had fever, pneumonia and diarrhea, 2 had no typical symptoms, three patients were complicated with viral, bacterial or fungal infections.Acute rejection occurred in 3 patients at the same time as CMV infection or after CMV DNA turned negative.Nine patients were cured and discharged after ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment.Median time of CMV DNA negative transformation was 32(17-90)days.Conclusions:Pediatric transplant recipients are at particularly elevated risk of CMV disease.Antiviral prophylaxis should be initiated early after transplantation.
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Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and therapeutic drug selection of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus(PTDM)after kidney transplantation in children.Methods:From May 2014 to March 2021, a total of 5 cases(5.38%)of 93 paediatric kidney transplant recipients with a median follow-up period of 34 months were diagnosed with PTDM in our centre.Retrospective data analysis was performed for these 5 paediatric recipients.The characteristics of the disease, treatment data and outcomes were summarized.Among the five paediatric recipients, one was male and four patients were female, ranging the age from 12 to 17 years.All recipients received a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen with prednisone discontinued no later than 3 months after kidney transplant.Results:The onset of PTDM ranged from 1 month to 46 months(median: 17 months)after transplantation.The blood glucose of two children returned to normal gradually after tacrolimus conversion to cyclosporine, with one of them was given insulin temporarily.Three children received oral hypoglycaemic agents, including one received acarbose, one received metformin, and one received metformin combined with acarbose.After a median follow-up of 6 months, the levels of blood glucose in five children were stable, and there was no significant change in serum creatinine and urine protein.Conclusions:The treatment of PTDM in children should be individualized with considering of age, gender and immunosuppressive regimen. Switch from tacrolimus to cyclosporine is effective. Metformin or other hypoglycemic agentsis helpful when tacrolimus is maintained.