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Objective To find out the clinical indicators related to prognosis in patients with acute mushroom poisoning, and approach its correlation with prognosis. Methods Clinical data of patients with mushroom poisoning admitted to the First Hospital of China Medical University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Xiuyan Central People's Hospital, and Fushun Central Hospital from August 2015 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The biochemical indicators within 24 hours after admission, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, whether plasmapheresis (PE) was carried out or not and 28-day prognosis of patients were collected. According to prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group, and the differences in above parameters between the two groups were compared. Spearman or Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between MELD score and prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the prognostic value of MELD score for prognosis. Further analysis of the patients receiving PE treatment was conducted. Results A total of four Liaoning hospitals with 89 patients with mushroom poisoning were enrolled, with 6 died within 28 days, and 83 survived. There were 17 patients with severely impaired liver and coagulant functions accepted PE treatment, with 6 patients died within 28 days, and 11 survived. ① In 89 patients, compared with survival group, MELD score, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total bilirubin (TBil), international normalized ratio (INR), blood glucose (Glu), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in death group were significantly increased [MELD score: 32.34 (28.31, 41.06) vs. 8.76 (3.77, 21.19), PT (s): 53.5 (52.4, 113.2) vs. 14.5 (13.8, 19.5), APTT (s): 58.6 (48.9, 70.8) vs. 36.9 (34.4, 43.2), TBil (μmol/L): 134.8 (31.3, 155.6) vs. 21.5 (15.1, 41.4), INR: 6.0 (5.6, 14.7) vs. 1.2 (1.1, 1.5), Glu (mmol/L): 9.2 (9.0, 11.0) vs. 6.6 (5.7, 7.8), ALT (U/L):5 923.0 (1 105.0, 6 000.0) vs. 35.0 (18.0, 1 767.0), GGT (U/L): 49.0 (32.0, 57.0) vs. 25.0 (16.0, 41.0), all P < 0.05], but the prothrombin activity (PTA), albumin (ALB), serum Na+, Cl- were significantly decreased [PTA: 13.0% (6.0%, 14.0%) vs. 80.0% (61.0%, 87.0%), ALB (g/L): 31.1 (29.8, 39.0) vs. 42.4 (37.9, 44.3), Na+(mmol/L): 126.5 (122.4, 131.0) vs. 137.0 (134.9, 141.0), Cl- (mmol/L): 93.5 (87.6, 95.0) vs. 104.0 (101.3, 106.0), all P < 0.05]. Spearson correlation analysis showed that MELD score of patients with mushroom poisoning was positively correlated with the 28-day mortality (r = 0.423, P = 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of MELD score for prognosis of patients with mushroom poisoning was 0.926; when the cut-off value was 27.30, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 84.3%. ② In 17 patients who accepted PE treatment, compared with survival group, the MELD score, TBil, Glu, and ALT in the death group were significantly increased [MELD score: 36.81±5.18 vs. 29.01±5.23, TBil (μmol/L): 145.2±13.9 vs. 93.2±44.0, Glu (mmol/L): 9.1±1.9 vs. 6.0±2.7, ALT (U/L): 5 961.5±44.5 vs. 3 932.9±1 625.7, all P < 0.05], and Cl- was significantly lowered (mmol/L: 94.3±1.2 vs. 100.5±5.7, P < 0.05), but SOFA score showed no significant difference (5.83±2.71 vs. 5.91±1.58, P > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the MELD score in patients with mushroom poisoning who accepted PE treatment was positively correlated with 28-day mortality (r = 0.355, P = 0.001), but no correlation with SOFA score was found (r = 0.427, P = 0.087). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of MELD score in the prediction of mushroom poisoning patients undergoing PE treatment was 0.545; when the cut-off value was 32.19, the sensitivity was 33.3%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions In mushroom poisoning patients, especially those undergoing PE treatment, the higher the MELD score, the higher the mortality is. MELD score could assess the prognosis of patients with acute mushroom poisoning.
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The maltooligosyl trehalose synthase gene from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 was cloned and the recombinant peotein was expressed in E. coli. The protein was purified to homogeneity by nickel column chromatography. The archaeal enzyme could catalyze an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction and convert the glycosidic bond at the reducing end of dextrins from alpha-1, 4 [reducing end] into alpha-1, 1 [non-reducing end]. The most suitable temperature was 75°C and the optimal pH was 5. Substrate specificity investigation revealed that maltodextrin and maltooligosaccharide were used as substrates by the enzyme but maltose, chitooligosaccharide, sucrose and betacyclodextrin weren't used
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Objective To analyze the distribution of B-cell subtypes and IgG subclasses in pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) and to investigate their potential functions in the progress of NSCLC.Methods Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the distribution of immature B cells, memory B cells and mature B cells in 25 healthy subjects and 55 patients who were at different clinical stages of NSCLC.Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay ( ELASA) was performed to measure the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and total IgG, as well as the ratio of each IgG subclass in total IgG.Results The percentages of immature and memory B cells in CD19+B cells were positively correlated with the progress of NSCLC.The ratio of IgG4/IgG gradually increased along with the development of NSCLC, while that of the other three IgG subclasses showed no significant changes as compared with that of the control group.Conclu-sion The imbalanced distribution of B-cell subtypes and the up-regulated ratio of IgG4/IgG were closely as-sociated with the development of NSCLC.This study paved the way for further investigation on more effective immune therapy strategies targeting NSCLC.