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Objective:To investigate clinical manifestations, pathological features and diagnosis of eczematoid clear cell acanthoma of the nipple/areola.Methods:The clinical manifestations, histopathological features, special staining results and immunohistochemical features of a case of eczemtoid clear cell acanthoma of the nipple/areola firstly reported in China were analyzed, and compared with those of similar cases in foreign literature.Results:The female patient presented with recurrent pruritic rashes on the left nipple and areola for over 2 years. Skin examination showed hypertrophic skin on the left nipple and areola, and scattered erythema, hypopigmented macules and hyperpigmented macules on the areola, which were covered with a few crusts and scales. Histopathological examination of the skin lesions showed focal epidermal crusts and scales, focal parakeratosis, extended and fused rete ridges, thickened spinous layer, focal spongiosis, clear cell clumps in the spinous cell layer, telangiectasia in the superficial dermis, with infiltration of a few eosinophils and neutrophils. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed positive results, and immunohistochemical staining revealed positive reaction for epithelial membrane antigen. Topical treatment with triamcinolone acetonide and econazole cream was effective, and topical application of 3% boric acid solution could alleviate exudation. During the 6-month follow-up, the patient experienced intermittent recurrence twice, and responded well to the above treatment.Conclusions:Eczematoid clear cell acanthoma of the nipple/areola has unique clinical and pathological features, revealing that it′s a new subtype of clear cell acanthoma. Pathological examination is the gold standard for its diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D level in human body and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genitourinary tract infection. Methods This study enrolled 174 outpa-tients (male: 95, female: 79, 20-49 years) infected with Ct and 380 healthy subjects (male: 211, female:169, 20-49 years) in Tianjin from November 1, 2016 to March 15, 2017. Blood samples were collected from all subjects after fasting overnight and the time points for sample collection in the Ct infection group were before and after a course of antibiotic treatment. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PCR assay was used to assess the recovery in those patients one month after a course of treatment. Two case-control studies were respectively conducted, in which 161 patients and 161 healthy subjects as well as 41 uncured patients and 41 cured patients were randomly selected and matched for gender and age. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19. 0. Re-sults The two case-control studies showed that vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for both Ct genital tract infection and poor efficacy, of which the adjusted ORs were 2. 281 (95％ CI: 1. 438, 3. 619) and 7. 266 (95％ CI: 2. 551, 21. 036). Among all subjects aged 20-39, male patients had lower 25-(OH)D level in serum than healthy men [(40. 10±17. 93) nmol/ L vs (53. 72±18. 00) nmol/ L, P< 0. 01] and fe-male patients also had lower 25-(OH)D level in serum than healthy women [(35. 71±19. 99) nmol/ L vs (45. 42±16. 08) nmol/ L, P<0. 01]. The levels of 25-(OH)D in uncured male and female patients were re-spectively lower than those in cured male and female patients [(30. 50±14. 53) nmol/ L vs (41. 32±17. 24) nmol/ L; (29. 47±16. 66) nmol/ L vs (41. 37±21. 03) nmol/ L; both P<0. 05]. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency related to Ct infection in human genitourinary tract and poor prognosis. Lower serum vitamin D levels might increase the risk of Ct genitourinary tract infection and reduce the efficacy of treatment.