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Objective To explore the characteristic of memory impairment and its relationship with Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B) expression in alcohol dependence patients,in order to provide an unprecedented view of alcohol-associated memory impairment therapy.Methods Participants (n=67) included 35 alcohol dependence patients and 32 matched healthy controls.Wechsler memory scale (WMS) was used to access the memory.The expression levels of NR2B were detected with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results Compared with the memory quotient(MQ) of controls(69.45±8.96),that of alcohol dependence patients(50.59±8.64) significantly decreased (t=-6.08,P＜0.01).Compared with the NR2B expression level of controls (1.00-0.00),that of alcohol dependence patients (3.52 ± 1.17) significantly increased (t =9.67,P＜0.01).MQ was negatively correlated with the levels of NR2B expression (r=-0.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion Alcohol dependence patients suffer memory impairment detected by WMS,and modulate NR2B expression may improve the memory.
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Objective To explore the difference of sleep quality and the influencing factors in ketamine dependent subjects and methamphetamine dependent subjects.Methods 60 ketamine dependent subjects and 60 methamphetamine dependent subjects with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),self-rating depression scale (SDS),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were tested.Results Methamphetamine dependent subjects was significantly more likely to elicit poor sleep quality than ketamine dependent subjects (P =0.022).The sleep quality of ketamine dependent subjects had a positive correlation with anxiety(P =0.015),depression(P =0.038),the onset age (P =0.029),and the dose of ketamine use in the last three months (P =0.048),while the sleep quality of methamphetamine dependent subjects had a positive correlation with the total time of ketamine use (P =0.038),anxiety (P =0.041),the dose of ketamine use in the last three months (P =0.011).Conclusion Methamphetamine dependent subjects are prone to a more serious poor sleep quality than ketamine dependent subjects.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the attitudes of medical students toward psychiatry.@*METHODS@#A total of 254 fourth-year medical students were investigated with a 29-item questionnaire.@*RESULTS@#Although in general, medical school students showed a positive attitude towards psychiatry, opinions about certain aspects like the reputation of psychiatry and the attitude toward psychiatric therapy were not positive.@*CONCLUSION@#There are still some misunderstandings for psychiatry among medical school students, some of which are based on false beliefs that should be actively targeted for remediation.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Escolha da Profissão , China , Psiquiatria , Educação , Especialização , Estudantes de Medicina , Psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objective To examine white matter integrity in heroin-dependent patients and matched normal controls with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods The fractional anisotropy was compared between 15 heroin-dependent patients and 15 controls.Results We found the fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased in specific brain regions of the heroin-dependent patients (P ＜ 0.001 uncorrected),including the frontal gyrus,the parietal lobule,the insula,and the corpus callosum.Conclusion The presence of microstructural abnormality is found in the white matter of several brain regions of heroin-dependent patients.
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Objective To explore what brain regions are modulated by heroin addiction and withdrawal.MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the brain function in 15 heroin-dependent patients 3 days (acute) and 1 month (protracted) after heroin abstinence.Sixteen normal controls were included.Results The blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain of heroin-dependent patients was significantly elevated 3 days after the withdrawal.Hyperfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex declined 1 month after the withdrawal.Conclusion Heroin-dependent subjects at both 3 days and 1 month abstinence have persistent abnormalities in the brain function.Although some tangible beneficial effects are noted following 1month of detoxification,possible permanent damage to the brain caused by heroin use is suggested.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of nicotine exposure and ethanol-preferring behavior on mRNA expression of some nAChR subunits in the rat ventral tegmental area(VTA) and to explore possible mechanisms of dependence on tobacco and alcohol.Methods39 male Wistar rats,35-day-old,were randomly divided into an experimental group (group N,n=20) and a control group (group C,n=19).Rats in group N were treated with nicotine ( 1.0 mg · kg -1 · d -1 ) by subcutaneous injection while in group C with saline both for 10 days,after which 6 rats (respectively group NE,n =6,group CE,n =6 )were drawn randomly from each group and killed by cutting off the head.mRNA was extracted from the VTA tissue,and the expression of nAChR subunits,including α4,α5,α7 and β2,were examined by Real Time-PCR.Other rats both in groups N and C ( respectively group NA,n=14,group CA,n=13) were induced for 69 days to establish two-bottle free choice alcohol-preferring behavior model by Samson sucrose fading program from 60-day-old on.The same indexes mentioned above were detected by the same methods in the VTA tissue.Results① The factor analysis showed that both the two factors,nicotine and alcohol-preferring behavior,showed regulating effects on the expression of nAChR subunits α4 and α5 ( respectively F was 6.13,5.407,5.186,7.132,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the factor,alcohol-preferring behavior,on subunit β2 (F =5.896,P＜0.05) ; the two factors exhibited strong interaction on the expression of subunit α7 (F=13.894,P＜0.001 ),and some interaction on subunits α5 and β2 (respectively F was 6.149,4.222,P＜0.05 ).② The mRNA expression of nAChR subunits α4,α5,α7,and β2 were significantly up-regulated by different degrees in group NA compared to group CA ( respectively Fwas 7.941,13.517,17.438,9.272,respectively P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.01 ),the expression level of subunits α4,α5,α7 and β2 were significantly higher in different degrees in group NA than in group NE( respectively F was 5.293,8.500,6.149,4.837,P ＜0.05) ; while subunit α7 was significantly down-regulated in group CA compared to group CE (F =12.750,P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionNicotine and ethanol co-affect on the nAChR subtype comprised of subunits α4,α5,α7 and β2.
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BACKGROUND: The study on the candidate gene of schizophrenia was one of the major ways of exploring its etiology. One of important candidate genes associated with schizophrenia is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(BDNF)OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between schizophrenia and C270T polymorphism of BDNF gene.DESIGN: Case-control and comparative observation SETTING: Institute of Mental Health of Central South University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 194 patients with schizophrenia, including 95 males and 99 females aged from 15 to 59 years, hospitalized in man and women wards in the Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from March to October 2003 were set as patients group. Controls were selected among the healthy volunteers of Xiangya Medical College was included in terms of age and gender comparable with patients group. Altogether 187 cases of controls, of whom 88 males and 99 females were studied. Their age ranged from 18 to 42 years old with the average of (26±7) years old.Those with psychosies and severe somatopathy were excluded. The patients and their family member have no history of psychosis .All the subjects were of Hunan Han nationality. Either the patient or his or her family members signed the written consent form. Individuals in the control group also signed the written consent form.positive symptom scale (PANSS-P) (7 items), negative symptom scale (PANSS-N) (7 items) and General Symptom Scale (PANSS-G) (16 items),altogether 30 items, as well as 3 additional items to evaluate the attack fatalness were used to evaluate whether the psychic symptom existed or not and the degree of severity of each symptom(7-item scoring: 1 was without,7 was very severe) . The patients were evaluated on the day of hospitalizing was used to compare the frequency among groups.polymorphism of BDNF gene between patients group and healthy control RESULTS: Totally 194 patients with schizophrenia and 187 healthy genotype (26.8%) in patients was much higher than that of the healthy controls (5.9%) (x2=32.71, df=1, P ＜ 0.01).The distribution frequency of T allele in patients' group (14.4%) was much higher than that in the scores, PANSS-P, PANSS-N and PANSS-G scores in patients with the genotype of C/T were 59-121 ;9-42( average 20.08±6.16);8-41 (average 19.02±9.13);22-68 (average 36±8.02)respectively. And the total PANSS scores, PANSS-P, PANSS-N and PANSS-G scores in patients with the genotype of C/C were 58-121 ;7-39, (average 19.2±5.88);8-40scores, (average19.02 ±8.98); 22 -68 (average36.4 ±8.32)respectively.There were no significant differences in positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS)items as well as PANSS-G between the patients with C/C and C/T genotype(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: BDNF gene C270T polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of schizophrenia. The distribution frequency of T/C genotype and T allele in schizophreniac was significantly higher than those of the normal healthy controls. And no significant difference was obtained between patients with the genotype of T/C or C/C in terms of negative,positive symptoms and psychosocial function as well.
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Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of schizophrenic patients spouses living in the community. Methods:One hundred schizophrenic patients spouses and 60 control subjects were adminstered the General Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI). Results: The schizophrenic patients spouses reported significantly lower score on the quality of life than the controls in the domains of physical health, mental health, social function and economic condition. The characteristics of disease played an important role in the quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of schizophrenic patients spouses were poorer than that of control subjects.
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Objective To study relationship between chromosome un-stability and schizophrenia development. Methods Micronucleolus and silver-stained nucleolar organized regions (AgNOR) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 120 patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy persons were tested. Results The frequency of micronucleolus and the number of the AgNOR in schizophrenics were higher than those in the control(P