Surgical reconstruction for injury to the distal radius: progress in clinical application / 中华创伤骨科杂志

The distal radius and the proximal row of carpal joints are important components of the carpal joint. Injury to the distal radius may result in decreased range of motion and strength of the wrist, and changes in the wrist appearance can hurt the patients. Developing microsurgical techniques, and updating orthopedic metal instruments and bone biological products provide more possible means for surgical reconstruction. Currently, reconstruction of the distal radius with autologous bone grafting is the mainstream surgical method, and the fibula and ilium are the main options for grafting. Moreover, other repair methods have also been reported, such as prosthetic repair and repair using the ulna to replace the radial function. This article reviews the main forms of surgical repair and reconstruction after distal radius injury reported in recent years, compares the clinical effects of different surgical methods, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each surgical method, hoping to provide useful information for the treatment of distal radius injury.

Effect of Biling Qutong Prescription on SIRT3 Protein Expression and URAT1 mRNA in Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Gout Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of phlegm and blood stasis on the expressions of sirtuin 3(SIRT3)protein and urate transporter 1(URAT1) mRNA in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats with gout. Method: The 40 healthy rats, excepting the normal group, the remaining groups were fed with high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin solution (40 mg·kg-1) once a day, with blood glucose "16.7 mmol·L-1" as the criterion for the diabetes model. After 4 days, the 5% sodium urate solution was injected into the joint cavity once to induce the gout model. After the successful modeling, the Biling group (10 g·kg-1), the indomethacin group (5 mg·kg-1) and the pioglitazone group (10 mg·kg-1) continued to be administered for 21 days. The normal group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline. The expression of SIRT3 protein in skeletal muscle tissue was determined by Western blot, URAT1 mRNA expression in bone tissue was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR),and blood was collected to measure blood glucose (GLU), blood uric acid (UA) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Result: Compared with the normal group, GLU, UA and CRP in the model group were significantly increased (PPPPPPPPConclusion: Biling Qutong prescription with effects in purging turbidity, detoxifying and dredging collaterals can significantly reduce the content of serum inflammatory factor CRP, significantly increase the protein expression of SIRT3 in skeletal muscle tissue of model rats, lower the content of URAT1 mRNA, reduce the blood glucose and blood uric acid levels in diabetic gout rats, and protect joints.

Evaluation of the performance of a minimally invasive thoracic drainage tube in a rabbit model of hemothorax / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the performance of a minimally invasive thoracic drainage tube (14 F) made of polyurethane (PU) in a rabbit model of hemothorax in comparison with the conventional 28 F chest tube (CCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental chest tube (ECT) group (n=9), CCT group (n=6), and blood provider group (n=15). Blood samples (20 mL) collected from the blood providing rabbits were injected into the chest cavity of the rabbits in the other two groups, and the time taken for closed drainage of the thoracic cavity was recorded. The rabbits in ECT and CCT groups were subjected to blood injections (20 mL for each injection) into the chest cavity every 20 min for 5 times, and the volumes of blood drained by ECT and CCT were measured. Two hours later, the rabbits were sacrificed and the residual blood and blood clots in the chest cavities were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with CCT, the use of ECT significantly shortened the operation time (P<0.05) and produced more effective blood drainage at 20 min and 40 min after the placement of the drainage tube (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the total blood volume drained between ECT and CCT groups, but the volume of residual blood in the thoracic cavity was significantly smaller in ECT group than in CCT group. No post-operative complications were found in the rabbits in ECT group while all the rabbits in CCT group had abutment pressure to the lung.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared to CCT, ECT is less invasive and allows more effective thoracic drainage with more convenient operation and reduced postoperative complications, suggesting its potential for use in closed thoracic drainage in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or in pediatric patients.</p>

Effect of panax notoginseng powder on pathological features and expressions of VEGF and its receptors of chronic subdural hematoma rabbits: an experimental study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Panax notoginseng (PN) on pathological features in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) rabbits and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stable pathological animal model similar to CSDH in humans could be established using subdural injections of small number of blood through a subdural pre-catheter in rabbits. After successful modeling, 18 rabbits were randomly divided into the model group, the low dose PN group (0.125 g/kg), and the high dose PN group (0.250 g/kg), 6 in each group. Normal saline was given to rabbits in the model group, while PN power was given to those in the PN groups by gastrogavage for 6 successive days. Pathologic features of the hematoma outer membrane were observed by HE staining. The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in the hematoma outer membrane were examined by the colorimetric method. Expressions of CD31, CD34, and VEGF in the hematoma outer membrane were observed by immunohistochemical assay. Expressions of VEGF in the peripheral blood and the subdural hematoma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the hematoma outer membrane were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the inflammatory reaction was comparatively lessen and the proliferation of the fibrous tissue was relatively mature in the low and high dose PN groups. The activity of SOD increased (P < 0.05); expressions of CD31 and CD34 were reduced (P < 0.01); VEGF expression in the residual hematoma fluid decreased (P < 0.05) in the high dose PN group. Expressions of VEGF and VEGFR-2 were all reduced in the high and low dose PN groups (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose PN group, expressions of CD31 and CD34 were reduced (P < 0.01), and the VEGFR-2 expression was also reduced (P < 0.05) in the high dose PN group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PN could promote the fibrous repairing of subdural hematoma in CSDH rabbits. It also lessened inflammation and oxidative injury of the hematoma outer membrane and reduced expressions of VEGF. The pathological angiogenesis could be reduced through influencing VEGFR-2 receptor pathways, which might be an important mechanism.</p>

Determination of bis (p-fluorobenzyl) trisulfide and bis (p-fluoro-benzyl) disulfide in lungs of rat by HPLC / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for analysis of bis(p-fluorobenzyl) trisulfide(BFTS) and bis(p-fluorobenzyl)disulfide(BFDS) in the lungs of rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>5.0 ml extract solvent (n-hexane: isopropyl alcohol=95:5, v/v) and 20 microl of 11.50 microg/ml dibenzyl disulfide (internal standard) were added to 0.2 g lung sample followed by homogenization. After centrifugation, 4.0 ml of supernatant was separated and vaporized to dryness, and the residue was reconstituted in mobile phase for HPLC analysis. The HPLC analysis was performed on an SB C18 column using acetonitrile and water (65:35, v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with UV detection at 220 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curves for BFTS and BFDS in sample were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.04712-14.78 microg/g(r=0.999) and 0.04831-23.96 microg/g(r=0.999), respectively. The limits of quantification were 0.04712 microg/g and 0.04831 microg/g for BFTS and BFDS, respectively. The assay recoveries for BFTS and BFDS ranged from 95.71%-107.2% and 90.00%-110.5%, respectively. The precisions were obtained with RSD of <10%. The developed method was successfully applied to study the content of BFTS and BFDS in the lungs of rats after intravenous injection of 12.5 mg/kg BFTS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method developed is simple, selective, repeatable and accurate, which can be applied to study the tissue distribution of BFTS and BFDS.</p>