Significance of Tim-3 and Its Ligand Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the significance of Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in Th1/Th2 imbalance in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#55 newly diagnosed MM patients and 20 healthy controls were included. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Tim-3 on CD4+T cells, the proportion of Th1, Th2, Tim-3+Th1 and Tim-3+Th2 cells in peripheral blood. ELISA was used to detect the levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum, and PCR was used to detect the level of Galectin-9 mRNA. Then the correlations between Galectin-9 mRNA expression and Th-cell subsets and related cytokine levels, as well as the relationship between Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 ratio and corresponding clinical features were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the expression of Tim-3 on CD4+T cells in peripheral blood of MM patients was significantly increased (P<0.05), the proportions of Tim-3+Th1 cells, Tim-3+Th2 cells and Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 ratio in MM patients were also increased (P<0.05), while the proportion of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio in MM patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The level of cytokine IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in MM patients were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the level of cytokine IL-4 was increased (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of Galectin-9 in MM patients were significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of Galectin-9 mRNA were positively correlated with Tim-3+CD4+T cells (r=0.663), Tim-3+Th2 cells (r=0.492) and IL-4 (r=0.470), while negatively correlated with IFN-γ (r=-0.593). The ratios of Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 in MM patients were positively correlated with ISS stage (r=0.511), osteolytic damage (r=0.556) and chromosome abnormality (r=0.632).@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest that Tim-3 and Galectin-9 are involved in Th1/Th2 imbalance in MM patients, and the high ratio of Tim-3+Th1/Tim-3+Th2 is associated with poor clinical prognosis.

Effects of viaminate on the proliferation and differentiation of a human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects ofviaminate on the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells,a human keratinocyte cell line.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations (2,5,10,15,20,25 and 30?g/mL) of viaminate for various durations.The cell proliferation was assessed by MTT method,the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,the changes of keratin 10 and involucrin mRNA expressions by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was inhibited by the treatment with viaminate of≥2?g/mL for 48 h,and the inhibition rate was raised with the increase of treatment time and dosage.The viaminate of 30?g/mL inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells by 57.67% and 82.00% at 48 and 72 h after the incubation respectively,and elevated the mRNA expression of involucrin from 40.80% to 156.12%,decreased the mRNA expression of keratin 10 from 96.46% to 14.60%.The mRNA expression of involucrin increased with the elevation of viarninate dosage.Under the treatment with viaminate for 48 h,the cell population at G_1 phase significantly increased,that at S and G_2 phases decreased;the switching of G_1 to G_2 was inhibited;but the cell apoptosis was not affected.Conclusion Viaminate could inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of keratinocytes.