Study of Diaphyseal Dominant and Secondary Nutrient Foramina in Fibula: its Clinical Relevance in Vascular Bone Graft Surgery.

Background: The external opening of the nutrient canal, usually referred to as the nutrient foramen has a particular position in each bone. An understanding of the position and number of the nutrient foramina in fibula is important, as this is one of the most common bones used in bone grafts, vascularized bone microsurgery and mandibular reconstruction. Nowadays fibula flap is the most accepted flaps used in the mandibular reconstruction especially in the malignancy of oral and oropharyngeal regions. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 160 dry human fibula obtained from department of Anatomy, N.S.C.B. Medical college Jabalpur {M.P.}. We have measured the different parameters in each bone according to standard method. Result: In our study we found that 95% bones possess single dominant nutrient foramina. According to Foraminal Index (FI), the position of most of foramina [97%] was fall in Type 2 (middle third of the fibula). The mean foraminal index (FI) was 39.66±5.29. The average total length (TL) of fibula was 35.80±2.53. Conclusion: To conclude that our study provides detailed data about the position and number of nutrient foramina of fibula that is considered as a determining factor for the success of new techniques for bone transplant and resection in orthopaedics.

Histological Study of Neonatal Bowel In Anorectal Malformations.

Anorectal malformations are the congenital condition, seen in approximately 1 in 5000 live births. It affects male and female in the ratio of 1.3:1. Anorectal malformations include a wide range of malformations, that not only involves the anus and rectum, but it also involves urinary and genital tract. Aims and objectives of the study, was to understand the structures involved in anorectal malformations by histological study of surgically excised segments of involved part of neonatal intestine and to understand the degree and cause of possible structural impairment in different segments of involved parts of neonatal bowel that may help in the surgical management of anorectal malformations. Present study was conducted on surgically excised segments of fifteen cases of anorectal malformations, that have been collected from Department of Paediatrics Surgery, IMS, BHU. After that processing of the samples have been done and blocks have been prepared. Then after sectioning and staining with Hematoxyline and Eosin, findings have been noted under the microscope. Histopathological examination revealed the abnormalities of varying degrees. To conclude this study supports that the malformed segments should be excised, regarding controversial issue of preserving or excising the distal segment of anorectum for better functional outcome.