Feasibility analysis of puncture robot technology for the application of acupuncture robot / 中国针灸

The difficulties such as how to accurately locate acupoints and safely insert needles are presented in acupuncture robot. The puncture robot with high technological similarity to acupuncture robot is getting mature, and a large number of human trials and animal experiments have been conducted for the development of puncture robot. Through comparing the similarities and differences between puncture robot and acupuncture robot in the aspects of through-skin puncture, needle insertion and needle removal, the valuable technology of puncture robot is analyzed for the development of acupuncture robot, and the crucial direction of technology migration is determined. ①Integrating the mechanical feedback and medical imaging technology and utilizing the multi-modal perception to achieve the safety of acupuncture operation. ②Emphasizing the integration of the existing designs of chest puncture robot to realize the acupuncture operation with inhalation and exhalation involved. ③Focusing on the development of relevant technology of automatic needle removal through conducting the actual scenario of treatment with acupuncture robot in patients under non-anaesthetic condition.

Effects of Zishen Huoxue Prescription on OGD/R-induced mitophagy in hippocampal neurons / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the protective effect of Zishen Huoxue Prescription on OGD/R-induced primary hippocampal neuron damage in rats and the possible mechanism. Methods After the isolated primary hippocampal neurons were identified by immunofluorescence, OGD/R induced neuronal damage, and the changes of autophagic flux at different re-oxygenation time were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. After OGD/R-induced primary hippocampal neurons were intervened with serum containing Zishen Huoxue Prescription, cell viability was detected by CCK-8, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, autophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy, and autophagy-related protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Results 10% Zishen Huoxue Prescription-containing serum could significantly improve cell viability and reduce the proportion of cell apoptosis, increase the number of autophagosomes in neurons, and up-regulate the expression of autophagy-related protein PINK1, Parkin, and pATG16L1. Conclusions Zishen Huoxue Prescription can effectively resist OGD/R-induced apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons in rats, and its effect may be related to the regulation of PINK1-Parkin pathway to promote mitophagy.

Quantitative risk assessment of occupational exposure to PCDD/Fs in the waste incineration industry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the level of PCDD/Fs exposure of occupational workers in the waste incineration industry and explore the risk of occupational exposure. Methods: In September 2021, literature on environmental PCDD/Fs exposure in waste incineration plants published from the establishment of the database to February 10, 2021 was retrieved from CNKI database. A total of 1365 literatures were retrieved, and 7 met the criteria for inclusion. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inhalation risk model was used to assess and analyze carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs exposure among occupational workers in the waste incineration industry. Results: A total of 86 sampling sites were included in incineration plants in 7 regions. The study of Wuhan area showed that the concentration of working environment near the waste incinerator in the same factory was the highest, followed by the rest and office area in the factory. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in waste incinerators was the highest in Southwest China (4880.00-24880.00 pg TEQ/m(3)), and the lowest in Shenzhen (0.02-0.44 pg TEQ/m(3)). According to the cancer risk assessment, with the increase of exposure years, the risk of cancer increased. The highest risk of cancer was found in the waste incineration plants in Southwest China. When the exposure period was 1 year, the risk was moderate (22.40×10(-6)-114.20×10(-6)). When the exposure time was more than 5 years, the risk of cancer was high. In Jinan, workers working near the incinerator had a moderate risk of cancer after five years of exposure. In Zhejiang, workers were at medium risk of cancer after exposure for more than 20 years. Workers in Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta were still at low risk of cancer after 40 years of occupational exposure. HQ>1 of workers working near the waste incinerators in Jinan, Zhejiang Province and Southwest China, and the qualitative evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was unacceptable. Conclusion: There are great differences in PCDD/Fs of occupational exposure in waste incineration industry, and the occupational exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limit has higher carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks.

The PREMISE score predicts early death in patients with acute ischemic stroke: an external validation of the Chinese cohort / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of the PREMISE score for early death in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS admitted to the Department of Neurology, Lu'an people's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The demographic data and all baseline clinical data were collected, and compared between the early death group and survival group. Early death was defined as death within 7 days after admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors for early death in patients with AIS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of PREMISE score for early death in patients with AIS. Results:A total of 919 patients with AIS were enrolled, 50 of them (5.4%) died early. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood sugar (odds ratio [ OR] 1.157, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.004-1.334; P=0.044), higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ( OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.051-1.223; P=0.021) and the PREMISE score ( OR 4.047, 95% CI 1.276-12.836; P=0.018) were the independent risk factors for early death in patients with AIS. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the PREMISE score predicting early death in patients with AIS was 0.899 (95% CI 0.866-0.931; P<0.001). When the cutoff value of the PREMISE score was 7, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.0% and 79.2%, respectively, the positive predictive value was 19.6%, and the negative predictive value was 99.1%. Conclusions:The PREMISE score has a good predictive value for early death in Chinese patients with AIS.

Protective effect of Cordyceps militaris against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in vitro

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl (·OH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is reported to induce oxidative stress. ROS generated by oxidative stress can potentially damage glial cells in the nervous system. Cordyceps militaris (CM), a kind of natural herb widely found in East Asia. In this study, we investigated the free radical scavenging activity of the CM extract and its neuroprotective effects in H2O2-induced C6 glial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: The ethanol extract of CM (100–1,000 µg/mL) was used to measure DPPH, ·OH, and NO radical scavenging activities. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced C6 glial cells were treated with CM at 0.5–2.5 µg/mL for measurement of cell viability, ROS production, and protein expression resulting from oxidative stress. RESULTS: The CM extract showed high scavenging activities against DPPH, ·OH, and NO radicals at concentration of 1,000 µg/mL. Treatment of CM with H2O2-induced oxidative stress in C6 glial cells significantly increased cell viability, and decreased ROS production. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression was down-regulated in CM-treated groups. In addition, the protein expression level of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) in H2O2-induced C6 glial cells was down-regulated upon CM administration. CONCLUSION: CM exhibited radical scavenging activity and protective effect against H2O2 as indicated by the increased cell viability, decreased ROS production, down-regulation of inflammation-related proteins as well as p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK protein levels. Therefore, we suggest that CM could play the protective role from oxidative stress in glial cells.

Treatment of sacroiliac joint dislocation by Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical effect of Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation in treating sacroiliac joint dislocation.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to May 2018, 60 patients with sacroiliac joint dislocation were divided into treatment group and control group according to the order of admission. There were 19 males and 11 females in the treatment group, aged from 23 to 52 (38.97±3.23) years old, with a course of 2 h to 5.1 months, with an average of (2.19±1.12) months. There were 14 males and 16 females in the control group, aged from 26 to 50 (39.07±3.30) years old, with a course of 3 h to 6 months, with an average of(2.41±1.05) months. The treatment group was treated with Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation, while the control group was treated with conventional acupuncture and massage. Before treatment, the main clinical symptoms of the patients were lumbosacral pain, posterior superior iliac spine not at the same level and accompanied with dyskinesia. The pelvic separation test and the "4" test were positive. After treatment, the curative effect was evaluated according to the improved Macnab standard and the "score of treatment of lumbar diseases".@*RESULTS@#Sixty patients were followed up for an average of 8 months. At the latest follow-up, the clinical effect of modified Macnab was better in the treatment group than in the control group(<0.01). After treatment, the treatment group was better than the control group on lumbar function score (<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The treatment of sacroiliac joint dislocation by Zhuang medicine tendon therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation has good clinical effect and is worth further application and development.

Expression of SOCS1 in overload papillary muscles of mice cardiac ventricle / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective Toinvestigatetheexpressionofsuppressorofcytokinesignaling1(SOCS1)inoverloaded ventricle papillary muscle, so as to understand its expression characteristics in structural remodeling after the overloading and the biomechanical properties of the muscle under cubic jellyfish toxin-1(CfTX-1) pretreatment that can affect cell signal transduction. Methods Abdominal aortic-venous fistula (AVF) were operated in Kunming mice (n=5), and the cardiac left ventricles were harvested after two weeks of fistulation. The mice in normal group were sham operated as a control (n=5). In vitro culture, the left ventricular papillary muscle of normal mice was used (n=20). In the stretching group, the isolated papillary muscles were double-ratio stretched and fixed on silicone plate. In the relaxation group, the muscles were not stretched. A separated subgroup that transfected with SOCS1 plasmids were set in each group of stretching and relaxation. The papillary muscle samples of each group were cultured in culture medium for 3 days at 37 ℃, and then homogenized for extracting total protein. The total protein was separated by 10％ sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 23 ku band with SOCS1 was used as the target band, and the integrated optical density (IOD) value was measured by computer image analysis method. The expression of SOCS1 protein was detected by Western Blot and the imprinted IOD value was also measured. The papillary muscle in the stretching group was stretched by micro-positioned stretching method, and the initial load was 1 g. After stabilization, the papillary muscle was stretched by 15 mm for continuously 5 times, and the passive tension characteristic curves during the first and fifth stretching were observed and recorded. The peak passive tension (PTmax) and its deceleration velocity (DV) of the papillary muscle were calculated based on the curves. Results Comparing with the AVF group, the normal group had higher IOD values of 23 ku band and SOCS1 blot in total protein of the papillary muscle, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The IOD value of 23 ku band in the SOCS1 transfected stretching group was significantly higher than those of the two relaxation groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). However, the difference of this value was not statistically significant between the two relaxation groups. The average IOD value of SOCS1 blot in the SOCS1 transfected stretching group was higher than those of the normal stretching group and the SOCS1 transfected relaxation group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Comparing with the normal group, the AVF group had higher PTmax and ultimate PTmax of the papillary muscles, and had a lower DV values, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Conclusions The expression of SOCS1 is sensitive to tension load, and has a positive effect as an overload-sensitive signal in improving myocardial adaptability, protecting myocardial structure and maintaining systolic and diastolic function. CfTX-1 also has a positive effect on improving the compliance of ventricular papillary muscles.

Relationship between the expression of MMP-9, MMP-13, HIF-1α and clinical pathologic features, EGFR mutation and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To analyze the MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissue and to explore the relationship with clinical pathologic features,EGFR mutation and prognosis of the patients.Methods The expression of MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α in 629 cases of lung adenocarcinoma were detected by using immunohistochemical of SP method.50 cases of normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma and 50 cases of pneumonia pseudotumor hyperplasia tissues were selected as controls.629 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and all of them were followed-up.Results The MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were higher than controls (P ＜ 0.001).The MMP-9 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and the size of the tumor (P ＜ 0.05).The MMP-13 expression was correlated with smoking history,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and the size of the tumor (P ＜0.05).The HIF-1α expression were correlated with smoking and lymph node metastasis.Statistically significant differences were found in all these above groups (P ＜ 0.05).But the expression of all has nothing to do with the EGFR mutation (P ＞0.05).The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results showed that MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α positive expression groups of 12,24 and 36 months cumulative survival were significantly lower than the negative expression groups.COX multiple factor analysis results showed that EGFR mutation,the expression of MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α,tumor size,TNM stage were independent risk factors for the development of lung adenocarcinoma patients living conditions.Statistically significant differences were found in these groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusion MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α are overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues,and its expression are associated with lymph node metastasis,but has nothing to do with EGFR mutations.Patients with positive expression of MMP-9,MMP-13,HIF-1α and with no EGFR mutation have lower survival rates,and they are independent risk factors for the development of lung adenocarcinoma patients living conditions.

Antimicrobial resistance profile of the Aeromonas strains isolated from extra-intestinal specimens in a hospital in Chongqing / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of the Aeromonas strains isolated from extra-intestinal specimens during 7-year period in a tertiary hospital in Chongqing for appropriate antibiotic treatment.Methods WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the clinical data and results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Aeromonas strains to 14 antibiotics according to CLSI breakpoints (CLSI-M45-A3).Results A total of 230 non-duplicate Aeromonas strains were collected from January 2010 to December 2016.The most common species were Aeromonas hydrophila (83.0％) and Aeromonas sobria (14.8％).Majority of the strains were isolated from wound secretion,bile and urine.Overall,46.8％ of the Aeromonas isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,followed by ceftriaxone (37.0％) and cefuroxime (28.8％).More than 10％ of the strains were resistant to aztreonam,cefepime and ciprofloxacin.More than 90％ of the strains were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoxitin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,amikacin,imipenem and meropenem.Only 4.0％ and 1.7％ of the strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Aeromonas hydrophila showed higher antibiotic resistance than Aeromonas sobria to all the antibiotics tested except piperacillin-tazobactam,imipenem,and amikacin.None of the Aeromonas sobria isolates was found resistant to meropenem.Conclusions The Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria isolates are the dominant Aeromonas species in Chongqing.The antibiotic resistant profiles vary with Aeromonas species and site of infection.The use of third generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be cautious in Aeromonas infection due to the high resistance level.

Analysis of NIH biomedical data sharing repository / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To analyze the NIH data sharing repository in order to provide reference for the related stud-ies in biomedical data field and for the development of medical data sharing repository in China. Methods Ten typi-cal data sharing repositories ( such as UniProt, Protein Data Bank, and GenBank) were compared. Their data ac-cess methods, data management and sharing model, and service forms were summarized. Results The data manage-ment links and their process standards were designed according to their characteristics. Conclusion Data service tools can be designed, semi-artificial and semi-automatic data check can be carried out, detail meta-data can be collected, and citation rules confirming to the characteristics of data sharing repository can be established in our country by learning the experiences of NIH in developing its data sharing repository.

In Vitro Activity of Colistin Combination with Fosfomycin Against Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-producing K. pneumonia / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial effects of colistin combined with fosfomycin against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumonia in vitro. METHODS: The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of colistin and fosfomycin against 74 strains of KPC-Kp was determined by agar dilution method and broth microdilution method respectively.The fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI)was calculated by checkerboard method to determine the combined effect. SixKPC-Kp strains were randomly selected to determine the time-killing curves of colistin and fosfomycin alone or in combination. RESULTS: The MIC results polymyxin sensitivity rate of 100%, fosfomycin sensitivity rate of 35.14%. The FIC results In 74 strains, 12.16% synergism, 39.19% section synergism, 6.76% additive effect, 41.89% irrelevant, no antagonism found.The results of time-kill assay showed that there was a significant synergistic effect between colistin and fosfomycin in fosfomycin-sensitive strains, while fosfomycin-resistant strains showed no synergistic effect. CONCLUSION: In the case of fosfomycin-sensitive strains, the combination of colistin and fosfomycin has synergistic effects on KPC-Kp in vitro, and time-kill assay also shows a good synergistic effect. Resistant strains are poor in synergism.

Neuroprotective activity of two active chemical constituents from Tinospora hainanensis

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the chemical structure of the new compound and investigate the protective effects of Tinosporaic acid A and B towards in-vitro neuro.@*METHODS@#The structures of two new compounds were established by analyzing its 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS. Their neuroprotective effects with respect to the antioxidant properties were evaluated by radical scavenging tests and hydrogen peroxide-injured oxidative stress model in PC12 cell lines. Cell morphology of treated PC12 cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy. In-vitro MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase activity assay and oxidative stress markers (intracellular ROS production, MDA level, and caspase-3 activity) were used to evaluate the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.@*RESULTS@#The two new compounds, named Tinosporaic acid A and B, were isolated and identified from the stem bark of Tinospora hainanensis. Cell viability studies identified a representative concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers. Both extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, thus promoting PC12 cells survival. The concentration of Tinosporaic acid A and B were 86.34 μg/mL and 22.06 μg/mL respectively, which is neuroprotective for EC50. The results indicated that both of them significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity.@*CONCLUSION@#The two new compounds isolated from ethanol extracts of Tinospora hainanensis are the promising natural ones with neuroprotective activity and needed for further research.

Neuroprotective activity of two active chemical constituents from Tinospora hainanensis

Objective To determine the chemical structure of the new compound and investigate the protective effects of Tinosporaic acid A and B towards in-vitro neuro. Methods The structures of two new compounds were established by analyzing its 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS. Their neuroprotective effects with respect to the antioxidant properties were evaluated by radical scavenging tests and hydrogen peroxide-injured oxidative stress model in PC12 cell lines. Cell morphology of treated PC12 cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy. In-vitro MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase activity assay and oxidative stress markers (intracellular ROS production, MDA level, and caspase-3 activity) were used to evaluate the protective effects against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Results The two new compounds, named Tinosporaic acid A and B, were isolated and identified from the stem bark of Tinospora hainanensis. Cell viability studies identified a representative concentration for each extract that was subsequently used to measure oxidative stress markers. Both extracts were able to reverse the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, thus promoting PC12 cells survival. The concentration of Tinosporaic acid A and B were 86.34 μg/mL and 22.06 μg/mL respectively, which is neuroprotective for EC50. The results indicated that both of them significantly attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion The two new compounds isolated from ethanol extracts of Tinospora hainanensis are the promising natural ones with neuroprotective activity and needed for further research.

Propaganda methods of pre-exposure prophylactic medication in men who have sex with men: A multiple correspondence analysis / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the correlation of propaganda methods of pre-exposure prophylactic medication with sociodemographic characteristics and obtaining services of HIV prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China by applying multiple correspondence analysis. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1 407 MSM who were selected from Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi province by snowball sampling method. Chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis were used for selecting variables and exploring correlation. Results Totally 1 323 qualified participants were recruited and only 31.49%(416/1 321) had ever heard of pre-exposure prophylactic medication. It was found that 74.00%(979/1 323), 65.00%(860/1 323), 44.22%(585/1 323) and 52.15%(690/1 323) of MSM were willing to obtain pre-exposure prophylactic medication knowledge via internet, traditional media, peer education and medical institutions, respectively. In multiple correspondence analysis the Cronbach α values were 0.661 and 0.632 while eigenvalues were 2.562 and 2.400 in two dimensions of all variables. Willing to obtain pre-exposure prophylactic medication knowledge via internet was strongly correlated with higher education, unmarried status, younger than 30 years old, no children and urban residency. Willing to obtain knowledge by peer education was strongly correlated with having ever received information from peers, having received promotional materials, having received free AIDS consultation and participated in activities of MSM. Conclusion Multiple correspondence analysis can directly reveal the correlation among propaganda methods of pre-exposure prophylactic medication, sociodemographic characteristics and services of HIV prevention, which provides a theoretical basis for propaganda and research of pre-exposure prophylactic medication among MSM in China.

Analysis of risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer in China: a multicentric population-based case-control study / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer in high occurrence areas of esophageal and gastric cancer in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer, namely Cixian and Shexian from Hebei province, Linxian from Henan province, Feicheng from Shandong province, and Zhuanghe from Liaoning province, which is a high occurrence area of gastric cancer, were selected for the study. The newly-diagnosed cases whose date of onset were after January 1st, 2009 were selected from the Cancer Registration Database in each district, and 751 cases diagnosed as cancers in lower segment of esophagus, cardiac and other subsite of stomach were randomly recruited. 2253 matched controls were selected to pair the cases at the ratio of 3:1. The relative information of the study objects were collected from the face-to-face interviews with trained staff by designed questionnaires, and the data was input by EpiData software. Statistic software SPSS 13.0 was applied to conduct both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate odd ratios (OR) and 95% confident interval (CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As univariate analysis shown, 66 objects in case group had irregular diet habit; while 90 in control group had (OR = 3.177; 95%CI: 2.127 - 4.745). A higher percentage in case group (83 objects) preferred fried food in comparison with only 214 in control group did (OR = 3.190; 95%CI: 2.061 - 4.927). 369 objects in case group, but only 119 in control group had history of gastrointestinal diseases (OR = 14.660; 95%CI: 11.342 - 18.948). 282 objects in case group had history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which was much higher than the percentage in control group (432 objects), with OR = 3.137 (95%CI: 2.546 - 3.864). All the above factors could increase the risk for upper gastrointestinal cancer. 387 objects in case group and 1278 in control group reported they preferred fresh vegetables in daily diet, which was found to be a protective factor (OR = 0.609; 95%CI: 0.473 - 0.785). As multivariate analysis shown, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases (OR = 21.420; 95%CI: 15.484 - 29.632), irregular food diet (OR = 3.097; 95%CI: 1.740 - 5.514), pickled food (OR = 3.005; 95%CI: 1.873 - 4.819), and GERD (OR = 2.261; 95%CI: 1.673 - 3.057) were found to be risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer; while frequent fresh-vegetable diet was a protective factor (OR = 0.562; 95%CI: 0.396 - 0.800).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Irregular lifestyle and unhealthy diet habit could be the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancers among the residents from high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in China.</p>

Serum ferritin in donors with regular plateletpheresis / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of regular donating platelets on serum ferritin (SF) of donors. A total of 93 male blood donors including 24 initial plateletpheresis donors and 69 regular plateletpheresis donors were selected randomly. Their SF level was measured by ELISA. The results showed that the SF level of initial plateletpheresis donors and regular plateletpheresis donors were 91.08 ± 23.38 µg/L and 57.16 ± 35.48 µg/L respectively, and all were in normal levels, but there was significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.05). The SF level decreased when the donation frequency increased, there were no significant differences between the groups with different donation frequency. Correlation with lifetime donations of platelets was not found. It is concluded that regular plateletpheresis donors may have lower SF level.

A population-based matched case-control study on the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find the major risk factors associated with gastric cardia cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We selected five high incidence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer which have cancer registration system, i.e. Cixian and Shexian of Hebei Province, Linxian of Henan Province, Feicheng of Shandong Province and Zhuanghe of Liaoning Province. Fifty newly diagnosed cases of cardiac cancer after January 1, 2008 were selected from each cancer registration database. A uniform questionnaire, which was fully consulted by experts, was used. Population-based 1:3 case-control study was conducted in those areas. The study recruited 250 cases of cardiac cancer and 750 matched controls, which were investigated with the uniform questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed by fitting-conditional Logistic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking, irregular meal, improper dining posture, heavy taste, dried food, pickled food, fried food, hot food, gastrointestinal history, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can increase the risk of cardiac cancer. To eat more bean and high BMI are protective factors of the single factor logistic analysis. Gastrointestinal history (OR = 42.899), dried food (OR = 5.932), irregular meal (OR = 4.911), hot food (OR = 4.144), pickled food (OR = 3.287), passive smoking (OR = 2.355), and GERD (OR = 1.930) can increase the risk of cardiac cancer, eat more bean (OR = 0.254) and BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 0.492) are protective factors of the mixture factors logistic analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastric cardia cancer is caused by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Health education in high cardiac cancer incidence areas and primary prevention popularized into people's daily life will be beneficial to decreasing the incidence of gastric cardia cancer.</p>

Construction of cyclin D1 recombinant plasmids and its expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the eukaryotic expression vectors of human cyclin D1 gene and express them in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full-length cyclin D1 was cloned from CNE-2Z cells by RT-PCR. The cDNA fragments were inserted into pIRES2-EGFP plasmids and pEGFP-C2 plasmids and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing. The recombinant vectors were transfected into CNE-2Z cells via Lipofectamine 2000, and the expression of cyclin D1 in the cells was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a 918 bp band of the RT-PCR products, which matched the expected size. Restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing demonstrated successful construction of the recombinant vectors. CNE-2Z cells transfected with the recombinant vectors expressed cyclin D1 protein or cyclin D1-GFP protein as were verified by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have cloned cyclin D1 gene and constructed its eukaryotic expression vectors that can be expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, which may facilitate the study of the role of cyclin D1 in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.</p>

Ca(2+)-dependent potassium channels play important roles in regulatory volume decrease in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 生理学报

It has been shown that cell volume regulation mechanisms play important roles in various cell functions. We demonstrated previously that volume-activated chloride channels were involved in cell volume regulation. The present study aimed to clarify the roles of various types of potassium channels in regulatory volume decrease (RVD) induced by hypotonic challenges in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells). The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record hypotonic challenge-induced potassium currents. During current recordings, cells were held at 0 mV and stepped to +/-46 and +/-92 mV, repeatedly. The cell volume was computed from cell diameters. The changes of cell volume were monitored and analyzed by the time-lapse imaging technique. The results showed that the exposure to 160 mOsm/L hypotonic solution caused the cells to swell by (144.5+/-4.2)%, activated a potassium current (59.2 pA/pF+/-13.3 pA/pF at 92 mV), and induced RVD. Cell volume was recovered from hypotonic challenge-induced swelling by (48.9+/-4.6)% after 20 min. The potassium current (at 92 mV) and RVD were inhibited by the calcium-dependent potassium channel blocker, clotrimazole (100 mumol/L), by (98.5+/-2.8)% and (89.3+/-4.9)%, respectively. Depletion of extracellular calcium prevented the activation of the hypotonic challenge-induced potassium current and inhibited the process of RVD. The voltage-gated potassium channel blocker, 4-AP (5 mmol/L), partially inhibited the hypotonic challenge-activated potassium currents by (66.6+/-5.3)% (at 92 mV). These results suggest that the Ca(2+)-dependent potassium channel is the main component of volume-activated potassium channels and plays an important role in volume regulation of CNE-2Z cells. The voltage-gated potassium channels may also contribute in part to the formation of the volume-activated potassium current.

Study on the esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rate from 1974-2002 in Cixian, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer from 1974-2002 in Cixian county of Hebei province. Basic information on comparative geographical, epidemiological, and clinical research was collected.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In early 1970s, cancer registry system in Cixian was established, collecting information on all the esophageal cancer cases in Cixian. Data was checked manually, then computerized, coded and analyzed using the software--SPSS 11.5.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1974 to 2002, there were 18 471 esophageal cancer cases in Cixian, with 11 068 males and 7403 females, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) for males was 208.77 per 100,000, while 120.47 per 100,000 for females. The trend of incidence rate of esophageal cancer had decreased during the 29 years from 1974 to 2002 (trend chi(2) = 19.94, P < 0.001). From 25 years of age onward, the incidence rates of the lower age groups declined with the increase of age. As for geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a significant declining trend in mountainous areas, chi(2) = 195.00, P < 0.001; hilly areas, chi(2) = 46.08, P < 0.001. The esophageal cancer incidence in plain areas remained steady, but had a slight increase in recent years. From 1969 to 2002, there were 18,736 cases died of esophageal cancer with 11 598 males and 7138 females. The ASR for male was 127.17 per 100,000 and 101.57 per 100,000 for female. Compared with the year 1969, the mortality rate of esophageal cancer in 2002 had a 37.96% decline. The proportion of esophageal cancer among malignant tumors in different decades decreased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The trend of the incidence rate of esophageal cancer had been decreasing for the last 29 years. The incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a declining trend while in the plain areas it remained steady but having slight increase in the recent years. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer had a significant decrease from 1969 to 2002.</p>