Advance of research on endoplasmic reticulum stress and genetic epilepsy / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Epilepsies are a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures caused by abnormal synchronous firing of neurons and transient brain dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are complex and not yet fully understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as a condition of excessive accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, has been considered as a pathophysiological mechanism of epilepsy in recent years. ER stress can enhance the protein processing capacity of the ER to restore protein homeostasis through unfolded protein response, which may inhibit protein translation and promote misfolded protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, persistent ER stress can also cause neuronal apoptosis and loss, which may aggravate the brain damage and epilepsy. This review has summarized the role of ER stress in the pathogenesis of genetic epilepsy.

Genetic etiology of fetal conotruncal defects and significance of copy number variation sequencing and whole exome sequencing: analysis of 196 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the genetic etiology of fetal conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and to evaluate the performance of copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in identifying the genetic etiology.Methods:This retrospective study involved 196 fetuses diagnosed with CTDs by fetal echocardiography in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2017 to December 2021. CNV-seq was performed to screen for chromosomal abnormalities [aneuploidy and copy number variations (CNVs)] in the fetuses and their parents, and then WES was performed if CNV-seq was negative. The diagnostic yields of genetic abnormalities [aneuploidy+CNVs+single nucleotide variations (SNVs)] for different types of CTDs were compared using Chi-square test. Results:CNV-seq revealed 54 cases (27.6%, 54/196) with chromosomal abnormalities, including 14 (7.1%, 14/196) aneuploidies, 39 (19.9%, 39/196) CNVs and one aneuploidy complicated by CNVs. Together with another 13 fetuses with pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs detected by WES among the rest 142 cases whose CNV-seq results were negative, the total detection rate of genetic abnormalities was 34.2% (67/196). WES increased the diagnostic yield for CTDs by 9.2% (13/142). There was significant difference in the diagnostic yields for different types of CTDs ( χ2=20.31, P=0.002). The diagnostic yield was relatively high for interrupted aortic arch of type B, absent of the pulmonary valve -type of tetralogy of Fallot (9/10 and 8/12), but low for transposition of the great arteries (12.5%, 5/40). Conclusions:CNVs are the common genetic abnormalities in fetal CTDs, and SNVs are also detected in some cases. It is recommended that all fetuses with CTDs should undergo genetic testing. CNV-seq should be used in combination with WES if possible to improve the identification of genetic etiology and provide reference for genetic counseling.

Lead sulfide quantum dots for the near-infrared IIb window fluorescence imaging of colon cancer / 药学学报

The near-infrared-IIb (NIR-IIb, 1 500-1 700 nm) window fluorescence with long emission wavelength has reduced light scattering and tissue auto-fluorescent background, achieving deep tissue imaging with high spatial resolution. Herein, we prepared an NIR-IIb fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) composed of lead sulfide (PbS). The fluorescence spectrum of PbS QDs were adjusted by controlling the size of the PbS core. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) shell was synthesized by the cation exchange method to form the core/shelled lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CSQDs). The surface of CSQDs was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to increase their stability in aqueous solution. The resulting PEG-modified CSQDs (PEG-CSQDs) had the emission peak at ~1 550 nm with quantum yield of 7.2%. The animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Fudan University School of Pharmacy. At 2 h postinjection, PEG-CSQDs clearly delineated the tumor region of mice bearing orthotopic CT26-Luc colon cancer model in the NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging. The fluorescent intensity ratio of primary tumor and adjacent normal tissue was 42.3, and that of metastatic tumor and adjacent normal tissue was 22.3, which allowed to detect the primary tumor of 3.4 mm×2.5 mm in dimension and the metastatic tumor of 1.2 mm×0.9 mm in dimension, and accurately guided the excision of tumors. The PEG-CSQDs prepared in this study provided a new approach for the early diagnosis and guidance of surgical resection of colon cancer.

The prognosis of the complete transposition of great arterial with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after arterial switch operation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of complete transposition of great arterial with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(TGA/LVOTO) patients who received arterial switch operation(ASO),and further evaluated the risk factors of postoperative adverse events.Methods Retrospectively evaluated the adverse events(including postoperative mortality,reoperation,aortic valve insufficiency,re-LVOTO and mitral valve insufficiency) and the related risk factors of 39 TGA/LVOTO patients after ASO.Results 39 TGA/LVOTO patients were included,the mean Z value of PV was 0.6,the mean peak LVOT gradient was 31.6 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The mean follow up time was 15.9 months,during the follow up,1 patient had early mortality,and CPB time(P =0.034) was associated with early mortality;4 patients had early reintervention;15 patients had AVI,and larger PV Z value(P =0.026) was associated with postoperative AVI;7 patients had MVI,and subvalvar level LVOTO(P =0.001) was associated postoperative MVI;6 patients had re-LVOTO,and older age at operation (P =0.029),muhi-level LVOTO (P =0.024) were associated with postoperative re-LVOTO.Conclusion If the obstruction of LVOT can be repaired by surgery,TGA/LVOTO patients had a satisfied prognosis after ASO with relief of LVOTO,the postoperative early mortality was very low,and although the probability of re-LVOTO was increased with time,the long-term reintervention probability was very low.

Therapeutic Effect of Modified Baitouweng Decoction Enema for Ulcerative Colitis with Damp Heat in Large Intestine and Its Influence on Levels of Inflammatory Factors / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of enteral drip infusion with modified Baitouweng Decoction for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC) with damp heat in large intestine at active phase , and to observe its influence on serum levels of inflammatory factors. Methods Sixty patients suffering from mild to moderate UC with damp heat in the large intestine were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was given enteral drip infusion with modified Baitouweng Decoction and the control group was given Mesalazine Enemas enema. The medication lasted for 8 continuous weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and intestinal mucosal signs under enteroscopy, and serum levels of inflammatory factors were observed. Therapeutic effect on single TCM syndrome and clinical safety were also evaluated after treatment. Results After treatment, the scores of each TCM syndrome and intestinal mucosal signs under enteroscopy in the treatment group were much improved (P<0.05 compared with those in the control group); serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β) levels in both groups were decreased, serum IL-10 and IL-13 levels were increased (P <0.05 compared with those before treatment), and the effect in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Except for the abdominal pain, the treatment group had better effect on relieving diarrhea, anal expansion, tenesmus, mucous stool and bloody purulent stool than the control group, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). During the medication, no obvious adverse reaction was found in the treatment group, but 4 cases from the control group had anal burning sensation which had no effect on the mediciation. Conclusion Enteral drip infusion with modified Baitouweng Decoction can inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce the inflammatory response, and promote the healing of intestinal mucosa, which is effective for the treatment of UC with damp heat in large intestine at active phase.

Effect of antioxidant peptide AOP1 on healing repair of skin burns in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect and mechanism of antioxidant peptide AOP1 on repair of skin burn wound healing in mice.Methods Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA was used to detect the changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).Cell proliferation and migration assay were used to detect AOP1 toxicity and its effect on wound healing.Moreover,the skin scald wound was made on the shaved dorsum of the anesthetized mice with a 1.0 cm diameter brass cylinder heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 2 min and pressed against the rat skin for 10 s.The effects of AOP1 on the healing of skin burns were observed by HE and Masson staining and the contents of MDA and the activity of SOD in skin tissues were measured.Results The antioxidant peptide AOP1 could significantly reduce the number of ROS in HaCaT and L929 cells,and promote cell migration and proliferation.Compared with the untreated group,the skin healing time of AOP1 group was short,the healing rate was high,the area of scab was small,and inflammation and the content of MDA in burned tissue significantly decreased.The effect of AOP1 on healing of burn wound healing was also confirmed by HE and Masson staining.Conclusion It is suggested that the antioxidant peptide AOP1 with natural activity may promote the healing of skin burns by reducing the oxidative stress caused by burns.

The value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging in progressive muscular dystrophy / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI ) in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy .Methods We enrolled 7 patients with known progressive muscular dystrophy (4 Becker muscle dystrophy ,BMD;3 limb-girdle muscle dystrophy ,LGMD) in this study .Both IVIM ,T1 WI and T2 STIR sequences were performed on both thighs of all the subjects .Slow ADC ,fast ADC and fraction of fast ADC (Ff ) were measured .Tl weighted images were used to assess the fat infiltration of their thigh muscles using a 0-5 modified version of Mercuri's scale .Slow ADC ,fast ADC and fraction of fast ADC (Ff) were compared among the fatty infiltration ,edematous muscle and unaffected muscle (neither edematous nor fatty infiltration muscles in patients ) .One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses with a significance of P < 0 .05 . Results The mean slow ADC value of fatty infiltration . edematous muscle . and unaffected muscle was 0 .75+0.39,1 .14±0 .19,and 1.00±0 .11 (10 -3 mm2/s ) , respectively ( P < 0 .05 ) .The mean fast ADC value in the three groups was 7 .14±6 .51,13 .56±9 .67,and 4 .02±1.89 (10-3 mm2 /s ) , respectively (P< 0 .05 ) . There was no significant difference in the Ff values among the three groups ( P > 0 .05 ) .The mean slow ADC value in different grades of steatosis was 1 .00±0 .11, 0.98±0 .17, and 0 .50±0 .29 (10-3 mm2/s) , respectively ; the slow ADC value in heavy fat infiltration group differed significantly from that in the other two groups( P<0.05 ).Conclusion IVIM-DWI can be used to quantitatively evaluate the thigh diffusion and microcirculation characteristics of muscles in patients with PMD , make a quantitative analysis of edema and steatosis of the muscle .and reflect the degree of muscle steatosis .

Effect of Interventions for Premature Ejaculation in the Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis with Secondary Premature Ejaculation / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the effect of interventions for premature ejaculation (PE) in the management of patients with chronic prostatitis and secondary premature ejaculation. Methods Totally 90 patients diagnosed as chronic prostatitis with PE were randomly divided into control group (n=45) and interventional group (n=45). Control group received a conventional therapy consisted of oral administration of antibiotics,α-receptor blocker,and proprietary Chinese medicine for clearing away heat and promoting diuresis. Interventional group received a conventional therapy combined with treatment for ameliorating the PE symptom (oral dapoxetine on-demand and ejaculation control exercise).National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI),Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation (CIPE)-5 questionnaires,intravaginal ejaculatory latency time,and the number of coituses per week were applied for evaluating the treatment outcomes. Results Follow-up was accomplished in 35 and 38 patients in the control and interventional group.The CIPE-5 score,intravaginal ejaculatory latency time,and the number of coituses per week were significantly improved in both two groups but more significantly in interventional group (all P<0.05). The NIH-CPSI pain,urination,and quality of life subscores and total score were improved significantly in both two groups after treatment,but the NIH-CPSI pain and quality of life subscores had been improved more significantly in the interventional group (all P<0.05). The variation of NIH-CPSI was negatively correlated with that of CIPE-5 in both two groups (r=-0.362,P=0.016;r=-0.330,P=0.021). Conclusions For CP with secondary PE patients,the interventions for PE can not only improve the quality of sexual life but also help improve the NIH-CPSI pain and quality of life subscores. PE should be routinely screened and treated during the management of CP.p.

Identification and bactericidal activity of a novel Cathelicidin family member from skin of Bufu bufo gargarizans / 中国中药杂志

The skin transcriptome of Bufu bufo gargarizans was determined by conventional methods. A novel full length cDNA coding for a Cathelicidin precursor was identified by transcriptomic data assembling, annotation and blast search of corresponding data banks. According to the known processing methods of Cathelicidin family members, present reported novel Cathelicidin precursor of B. bufo gargarizans might be cleaved at 2 possible sites of the same precursor and generate both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 as mature molecules. The deduced BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 were synthesized with purity>95% to evaluate the properties and bactericidal activities. The secondary structural characteristics of both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 in different solutions were determined by Circular Dichroism (CD) Analysis. CD results indicated that random coil conformation were the main structural elements for both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 in different buffer systems. Antimicrobial activities against tested bacterial strains were carried out by plating method. Both BG-CATH25 and BG-CATH29 showed strong antibacterial activities against Aeromonas hydrophila, with MIC values of 1.25, 10 mg•L⁻¹, respectively. However, both of them showed weak bactericidal activities against human pathogenic bacteria, like Escherichia coli (ATCC25922）,Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923）and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853).

The relationship between catechol O-methyltransferase and diseases / 药学学报

Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), one of the endogenous phase II metabolizing enzymes, expressed by chromosome 22. COMT catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from common methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet or SAM) to one of the catechol hydroxyls. COMT participates in the metabolism of many catechols in vivo, e.g. dopamine, epinephrine, noradrenaline, estradiol. Furthermore COMT also plays important roles in the metabolism of xenobiotic catechols from food and drug. COMT play a critical role in the management of catechols. Metabolism disorders of COMT can cause many diseases or an increased risk of diseases, e.g. Pakinson diseases, schizophrenia, and breast cancer. In this review, we explains the relationship of COMT and related-diseases through expounding disease caused by the COMT metabolic disorders. Finally, we hope that there will be more effective treatments for the COMT metabolism related diseases.

Impact of fenestration on early outcome in patients undergoing modified Fontan operation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the impact of fenestration on early outcome in patients undergoing modified Fontan operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from 90 consecutive patients underwent modified Fontan operation from November 2008 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into fenestrated group (49 patients) and non-fenestrated group (41 patients) and early outcome post operation was compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Anatomy, age, gender, body weight and disease classifications were similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Postoperative central venous pressure was (11.4 ± 4.1) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) in fenestrated group and (12.1 ± 3.8) mmHg in non-fenestrated group (P = 0.894). The duration of chest tube drainage was (11.1 ± 9.2) day in fenestrated group and (15.0 ± 10.7) day in non-fenestrated group (P = 0.160). Volume of pleural drainage was 772.0 (411.5-1 971.5) ml in fenestrated group and 1 259.0 (571.0-2 647.5) ml in non-fenestrated group (P = 0.214). Duration of ICU stay was 24.0 (18.0-40.0) day in fenestrated group and 24.0 (19.0-36.0) day in non-fenestrated group (P = 0.751). The time of respirator use was 9.0 (6.0-15.0) hours in fenestrated group and 8.0 (6.0-16.0) hours in non-fenestrated group (P = 0.951). Duration of hospital stay was significantly longer in fenestrated group than in non-fenestrated group ((32.7 ± 23.0) day vs. (27.8 ± 12.6) day, P = 0.025). One patient (2.0%) died of low cardiac output syndrome in fenestrated group and 1 patient (2.4%) experienced hydropericardium in non-fenestrated group. The incidence rate of complications (P = 0.898) and mortality (P = 1.000) were similar between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early outcome is similar for patients undergoing the modified Fontan operation with or without fenestration.</p>

Isolation of antifungal compound from Paeonia suffruticosa and its antifungal mechanism / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate antifungal compound from Paeonia suffruticosa, and to find the antifungal mechanisms by observing the ultrastructural modifications of yeasts in growth phase produced by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) root bark (PRB) was separated by solvent extraction and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using analytical and preparative reversed phase C18 column on the basis of bio-assay method. In order to investigate the antifungal mechanism of PGG, Yeasts were submitted to different concentrations [3 × minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), 0.3 × MIC] for 1 h under constant stirring at 30 °C, and transmission electron microscopy was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the antifungal activity of PRB on Candida glabrata CBS138, the antifungal compound were isolated in ethyl acetate layer of PRB and identified as PGG by mass spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, with molecular weight of 940 and molecular formular as C41H32O26. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PGG degraded the cell wall envelope.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that PGG may be responsible for the antifungal activity of PRB by disrupting the structure of cell wall directly.</p>

Long-term passive wheel running-induced rat model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To explore a novel animal model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by long-term passive wheel running. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): normal control group, passive wheel running(PWR) group, sham operation group, and transverse aortic constriction(TAC) group.PWR group received passive wheel movement training, TAC group received aortic arch narrow operation, sham operation group did not receive ligature thoracic aorta, and other treatments were similar to that of TAC group; no treatment was given to the normal control group. Five weeks after training or operation, a comparison was made between different groups. The modeling results of PWR were assessed by echocardiography, morphology, and molecular hypertrophic-markers for heart failure. Results: Echocardiography findings showed that thickness of the left ventricle wall in PWR group was significantly increased compared with the normal control group, and that in the TAC group was significantly increased compared with the sham operation group (P<0.01); the stroke volume and ejection fraction were also significantly different between PWR and normal control group and between the TAC group and sham operation group(P<0.01). The left ventricle internal diameter at end-diastole was not significantly different from that of normal control group, but that in the TAC group was decreased by 38% compared with the sham operation group (P<0.01), indicating that the cardiac structures were significantly different between PWR and TAC groups. Compared with the normal control group, the heart weight/body weight ratio, left ventricular weight/body weight ratio and lung weight/body weight ratio were increased by 25.0%, 37.3% and 23.8% in PWR rats, respectively; compared with the sham group, the above indicators were increased by 31.6%, 38.8% and 56.6% in TAC rats, respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the normal control group, the expression levels of atria natriuretic peptide (ANP)and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)were 0.67-fold and 0.48-fold of those in PWR group(P<0.05), and those in the TAC group were 1.98-fold and 2.03-fold those of the sham operation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term PWR training can induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy in rats, which may provide a novel way for establishing physiological cardiac hypertrophy animal models.

Allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes repair Wistar rats' sciatic nerve long defect / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether or not allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes could repair peripheral nerve injure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Olfactory mucosa gliacytes had been cultured in vitro for 2 weeks, then purified and condensed for later transplantation.Sixty adult female Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups of 30 rats each, A (control) and B (test). Rats' left sciatic nerves were excised 25 mm long axons and retained epineurium lumen anastomosed to proximal ends. Culture mediums, and olfactory mucosa gliacytes were transplanted into epineurium lumen of A and B groups respectively. At 3 months postoperatively, the regenerations of injured sciatic nerves were evaluated by methods of macroscopy, photomicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, retro-marked fluorescence red, the condensation of glial fibre acid protein (GFAP) and nerve growth factors (NF) assayed by immunofluorescence, and the concentration of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament protein (NF) assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The regenerations of injured sciatic nerves were superior in B group to in A group; the transportation distance of retro-marked fluorescence red were longer in B group than in A group (P < 0.01). The condensations of GFAP and NGF were more dense in B group than in A group. The concentrations of MBP and NF were more high in B group than in A group (P < 0.01). The function scores of injured limbs were superior in B group to in A group (P < 0.01). The quantifications of nerve fibers and myelin fibers of injured sciatic nerve were larger in B group than in A group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes could repair injured nerve defect.</p>

Proteomic research of biomarker of colorectal cancer metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the potential markers of colorectal cancer metastasis and the influence of 5-FU on differentially expressed proteins by using proteomic technology, and to elucidate the mechanism of colorectal cancer metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human colorectal carcinoma cell lines of different metastatic potential, Lovo and SW480 were conventionally cultured, and the protein was extracted. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 5-FU to these two cell lines was measured by MTT assay. Proteins of these two cell lines after intervention by 5-FU at IC(50) were extracted, then 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was conducted for the proteins. The differential protein spots were examined by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatics. Difference of expressed proteins in two cell lines before and after the intervention of 5-FU was validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The hnRNP K protein and PDI were selected to be examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results revealed that the expression of hnRNP K in Lovo was higher than that in SW480, while the expression of PDI was lower in Lovo. After intervention by 5-FU at IC(50), the expression of hnRNP K in Lovo decreased more as compared to SW480, while the expression of PDI in SW480 increased more as compared to Lovo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are significant differences in expression of hnRNP K and PDI proteins between Lovo and SW480 cell lines, and the proteins alter regularly after 5-FU intervention.</p>

In vivo experimental study of hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the characteristics of interbody fusion achieved using hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage (HCIFC) with those of an autologous tricortical iliac crest graft, Harms cage and Carbon cage in a goat cervical spine model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two goats underwent C(3, 4) discectomy and fusion in which the following were used: Group 1, autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft (8 goats); Group 2, Harms cage filled with autologous iliac crest graft (8 goats); Group 3, Carbon cage filled with autologous iliac bone (8 goats); Group 4, HCIFC filled with autologous iliac graft (8 goats). Radiography was performed pre- and postoperatively and after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At the same time points, disc space height, intervertebral angle, and lordosis angle were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fusion sites were harvested. Biomechanical testing was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending to determine the stiffness and range of motion. All cervical fusion specimens underwent histomorphological analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One week after operation, the DSH, IVA and LA of HCIFC and Carbon cage were statistically greater than those of autologous iliac bone graft and Harms cage. Significantly higher values for disc space height, intervertebral angle and lordosis angle were shown in cage-treated goats than in those that received bone graft over a 12-week period. The stiffness of Harms cage in axial rotation and later bending were statistically greater than that of other groups. Radiographic and histomorphologic evaluation showed better fusion results in cage groups than in autologous bone group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HCIFC can provide a good intervertebral distractability and enough biomechanical stability for cervical fusion.</p>

Influences of enteral nutrition combined with probiotics on the gut microecology and barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influences of enteral nutrition (EN), parenteral nutrition (PN) and probiotics supplement on the intestinal microecology, and barrier function of the rats with abdominal infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with abdominal infection were randomly divided into three groups, and received PN (PN group, n=7), PN+ EN (PN+ EN group, n=7) or PN+ EN+ probiotics (probiotics group, n=7) respectively with isonitrogen and isocaloric nutrition. The rats were sacrificed after six days. The feces in cecum were cultured for anaerobic bacterial growth and DNA fingerprint spectrum was analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA technique. The transmembrane binding protein (occludin) and IgA levels in colon and terminal ileum were detected by immunohistochemistry method. The bacterial translocation rate and endotoxin level were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The germ numbers of different species were both higher in PN+ EN and probiotic group than those in PN group. The bands of DNA fingerprint spectrum were significantly decreased in PN group, but the bands in both PN+ EN group and probiotic group were similar to that in the normal rats. The expression levels of occludin and IgA in the intestine and colorectum were higher in both PN+ EN group and probiotic group compared with those of PN group (P< 0.05, P< 0.01, respectively), the expression level of occludin was higher in probiotic group than that in PN+ EN group (P< 0.05). The overall bacterial translocation rates and endotoxin levels were significantly reduced in both probiotic and PN+ EN group (P< 0.05), but there was no difference between probiotic group and EN group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EN combined with probiotics can increase occluding and IgA expressions, improve the intestinal microecology,maintain the gut barrier function, and decrease the incidence of gut bacterial translocation.</p>

Clinical detection and movement recognition of neuro signals / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Neuro signal has many more advantages than myoelectricity in providing information for prosthesis control, and can be an ideal source for developing new prosthesis. In this work, by implanting intrafascicular electrode clinically in the amputee's upper extremity, collective signals from fascicules of three main nerves (radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medium nerve) were successfully detected with sufficient fidelity and without infection. Initial analysis of features under different actions was performed and movement recognition of detected samples was attempted. Singular value decomposition features (SVD) extracted from wavelet coefficients were used as inputs for neural network classifier to predict amputee's movement intentions. The whole training rate was up to 80.94% and the test rate was 56.87% without over-training. This result gives inspiring prospect that collective signals from fascicules of the three main nerves are feasible sources for controlling prosthesis. Ways for improving accuracy in developing prosthesis controlled by neuro signals are discussed in the end.

Research about the expression changes of CNTF and CGRP in the rabbits' model of neuroma-in-continuity / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective In view of being short of the mammalian model in neuroma-in-continuity,the experiment injured the part of peroneal nerve to the formation of the neuroma-in-continuity and was applied to the foundation of farther research.Methods Twelve New Zeland rabbits were selected as experimental sub- jects randomly.One lateral peroneal nerves of twelve rabbits were resected,the damaged nervous tissues' slice were showed to the typical pathological changes of neuroma by the stain of HE,luxol fast blue after six weeks. As compared with the health sides of six model rabbits,the methods of real-time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of CNTF,CGRP mRNA and protein in injured nerves and L_7、S_1 dorsal root ganglions respectively.Results The injured nerve formed the typical pathological changes of neuroma at six weeks.Compared with hea|thg side the expression of CNTF mRNA and protein was down-graded at the lateral of neuroma(P＜0.05),and the expression of CGRP mRNA and protein was up-graded(P＜0.05).Con- clusion The method of partly injuring the peroneal nerve could effectively set up the model of the neuroma-in- continuity,furthermore,resulted to the expression changes of the CNTF,CGRP mRNA and protein.