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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the hypoglycemic active parts from the leaves of Dimocarpus longan for type 2 diabetes mellitus mice,and to provide reference for material basis study of it. METHODS:Total extract was obtained from the leaves of D. longan with 95% ethanol percolation extraction. After confirming hypoglycemic effect of total extract,extract was suspended with water. Relevant extract was obtained by using petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol in turn(respectively marked as ST,YT,ZT and WT). The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice was established by high glucose and high fat diet combined with STZ. Model mice were randomly divided into model group(distilled water),positive control group(metformin,0.1 g/kg), ST low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(22.2,29.6,44 g/kg,calculated by crude drug,similarly hereinafter),YT low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(10.7,16,32 g/kg),ZT low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(10.5, 15.8,31.6 g/kg),WT low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(18.5,24.6,37 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group. Other 10 normal mice were included in normal group(distilled water). Those groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 28 d.The growth of mice and the change of body weight were observed and recorded. Fasting blood glucose(FBG)of mice was detected,and glucose tolerance test of mice was conducted. The contents of TC,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C in serum of mice were also determined. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,body weight and serum content of HDL-C in model group were decreased;FBG and the blood sugar after giving glucose for 0.5,1,2 h and area under glucose tolerance curve of mice were increased,and serum contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were alse increased,with statistical significance(P<0.01). compared with model group,body weight of mice in YT high-dose group after administration of 25 d was increased,FBG of mice in YT groups and ZT medium-dose,high-dose groups were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);blood sugar of mice in YT medium-dose,high-dose groups and ZT high-dose group after giving glucose for 1 h as well as blood sugar of mice in YT high-dose group after giving glucose for 2 h were all decreased;area under glucose tolerance curve of mice and serum content of TC were decreased in YT groups and ZT high-dose group,while serum content of HDL-C was increased. Serum content of TG and LDL-C in YT high-dose group and ZT high-dose group as well as serum content of TG in YT medium-dose group were all decreased,serum content of HDL-C in ZT medium-dose group was increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The ethyl acetate part and n-butanol part from the leaves of D. longan show good hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.
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Objective To explore the changes and clinical significances of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin concentrations for early detection of lung cancer in elderly long-term smokers. Methods Serum VEGF and endostatin concentrations were determined in 52 elderly long-term smokers and 20 elderly non-smokers by enzyme linked immunoabsent assay (ELISA) or competitive enzyme immunoassay. The 52 elderly long-term smokers were divided into lung cancer group (n = 32) and non-lung cancer group (n = 20). Results The concentration of serum VEGF was markedly higher in lung cancer group [(15. 7±8. 0) ng/L] than in non-lung cancer group and normal control group (t= 13. 681, t= 9. 372, respectively, both P＜0. 01). And the level of serum VEGF was significantly higher in non-lung cancer group than in normal control group (t=5. 250, P＜0. 05). The level of serum endostatin was significantly higher in elderly long-term smokers with or without lung cancer than in normal control group (t=5. 332, t=3. 700, respectively, P＜0. 01 and P＜0.05). But there was no statistic difference between non-lung cancer group and lung cancer group (t = 0. 814, P＞ 0.05 ). Notably, the endostatin/VEGF ratio was lower in lung cancer group than in non-lung cancer group and normal control group (t= 6. 270, t= 7. 138, respectively, both P＜0.01), while there was no significant difference between non-lung cancer group and normal control group (t= 1. 022, P＞0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that the periodic detection of serum VEGF and endostatin and endostatin/VEGF ratio, especially endostatin/VEGF ratio, is of clinical importance and can be used as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer in elderly long-term smokers.