Effects of Liraglutide on Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of H9c2 Myocardial Cells Cul-tured in High Glucose / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the effects of liraglutide on high glucose induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress of H9c2myocardial cells. Methods: Liraglutide and N- scavenger N-acetylcysteine ( NAC, a reactive oxygen species ( ROS) scavenger) were added to the H9c2 cells culture solution for 24h. The ROS levels were detected by flow cytometry, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). GRP78 and CHOP were the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein markers. Results: Compared with the control group, the ROS, GRP78 and CHOP protein levels significantly increased in the high glucose group (P<0. 01). Compared with the high glucose group, liraglutide significantly reduced the overproduction of ROS (P<0. 01). Liraglutide also decreased the protein expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Liraglutide can inhibit high glucose induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress of H9c2 cells.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits high glucose-induced JAK/STAT signalling pathway activation in human glomerular mesangial cells

To further elucidate the mechanism of the anti-fibrogenic role of pigment epithelium-derived factor [PEDF] on diabetic nephropathy. Human glomerular mesangial cells [HMCs] were treated with 30 mmol/l D-glucose for different time intervals [6, 12, 24, and 48 hrs]. To examine the beneficial effect of PEDF, we incubated the HMCs with high glucose [30 mmol/L] in the presence of different concentrations of PEDF [10, 40, and 100 nmol/l] for 24 hrs. The study took place in the Laboratory of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China between July 2012 and December 2012. Transforming growth factor-beta1 [TGF-beta1] and fibronectin [FN] mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The protein synthesis of TGF-beta1 and FN in the culture medium of HMC was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase2 [JAK2] and signal transducers and activators of transcription1 [STAT1] were measured using western blotting. The exposure of HMCs to 30 mmol/L glucose caused the activation of JAK2 and STAT1. It upregulated TGF-beta1 expression and increased protein synthesis of FN. These high glucose-induced changes were suppressed by PEDF. The PEDF can decrease the expression of TGF-beta1 and FN, possibly by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK/STAT, which may offer a promising strategy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy

Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits high glucose-stimulated transforming growth factor β1,fibronectin, and collagen Ⅳ expressions in human mesangial cells / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN), and collagen Ⅳ in human mesangial cells were augmented with increased concentrations of glucose.Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) at concentrations of 40-160 nmol/L significantly inhibited TGF-β1 expression in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01).PEDF at concentrations of 5-40 nmol/L significantly decreased FN and collagen Ⅳ expressions in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01) ,suggesting that PEDF may play a salutary role in diabetic nephropathy by its antifibrogenic activity.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits high glucose induced oxidative stress and fibrosis of cultured human glomerular mesangial cells

To evaluate whether pigment epithelium-derived factor [PEDF] could prevent human mesangial cells [HMCs] from elevated glucose-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis. The study took place in the Endocrinology Laboratory of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China from December 2009 to June 2010. The HMCs were treated with different concentrations of dextroglucose [5.6, 15, and 30 mmol/1], and 5.6 mmol/1 D-glucose+24.4 mmol/1 D-mannitol [osmotic control] for 24 and 48 hours. To examine the beneficial effect of PEDF, HMCs were also incubated with high glucose [30 mmol/L] in the presence of different concentrations of PEDF [5, 10, 40, 100, and I60nmol/l] for 48 hours. The PEDF significantly inhibited the overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta 1, and extracellular matrix proteins [fibronectin and collagen IV] induced by the elevated glucose in HMCs. The PEDF also impeded high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species generation in HMCs. These results suggest that PEDF by virtue of its anti-oxidative and anti-fibrogenic properties may have a therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy

Simple virilizing with 21-hydroxylase deficiency: a report of 5 cases and literature review / 中华全科医师杂志

The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatment of 5 cases of simple virilizing with 211-hydroxylase deficiency were analyzed. The average age was 17 at the first hospital visit. The manifestation included abnormal external genitalia at birth, no secondary sexual characteristics developed during adolescence and no menstrual cycles, and their near-adult height (NAH) was affected. The chromosome karyotype of the patients was 46 XX. The CT scans showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. The testosterone levels were (665 ± 334 ) μg/L, which were reduced to (81 ± 25 ) μg/L after dexamethasone suppression. The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone were 123 (57 - 563) ng/L and ＜ 5 ng/L respectively before and after dexamethasone suppression test. Early diagnosis and early treatment is particularly important for improvement of the disease outcomes.