RESUMO
Background. The causes of anaemia have regional variations; and further variation is expected among paediatric hospital patients. However; the prevalence of anaemia and its contributing risk factors among paediatric patients remain understudied in South-East Nigeria.Methods. The study involved 286 anaemic (haemoglobin (Hb) ?10 g/dL) and 295 non-anaemic preschool children attending a hospital outpatient department. A clinical research form was used to document demographic data; anthropometric measurements; disease details and packed cell volume. Common anaemia risk factors previously documented were studied. The prevalence rates of the independent variables were calculated and level of significance was determined; using ?2.Results. The prevalence of anaemia was 49.2; with the highest prevalence among children 12 months old (p