effect of vertical skeletal pattern in the buccal corridor area show during posed smile

Emergence of soft tissue paradigm in clinical orthodontics has made smile analysis and designing key elements in treatment planning. Smile is an integral constituent of the facial attractiveness of a person. Various factors influence smile. The smile frame work is influenced by gingival display during smiling, incisors display and the buccal corridor space. Buccal corridor area show according to many influences smile immensely. Lateral cephalograms were taken with patient's Frankfort Horizontal plane parallel to the floor, unstrained lips and teeth in centric occlusion. Radiographs were traced. Ratio between lower anterior facial heights to total anterior facial heights were recorded on the patient's data form to establish the vertical skeletal relationship of the patients. This ratio was correlated with the increased or decreased buccal corridor show during posed smile by applying the Pearson correlation coefficient. Data was analyzed on statistical package for social sciences [SPSS version 10]. Descriptive statistics were used. Mean +/- S.D was calculated for age [in years], vertical skeletal pattern value and the buccal corridor area of subjects. The range of ratio of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height [in degrees] was 48[degree sign] to 67[degree sign] with a mean of 56.357[degree sign] and standard deviation of 3.59[degree sign]. The relationship of ratio of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height [in degrees] with buccal corridor area show [mm] was significant [P-value < 0.05]. The results show that as ratio of lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height [in degrees] increases the mean buccal corridor area show decreases. Factors effecting buccal corridor area show must be kept in mind since it has an influence in the outcome of treatment. It is paramount to do so since most patients assess the outcome of their treatment by the attractiveness of their smile

Effect of inter-premolar width on buccal corridor area show during posed smile

Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is in a period of remarkable change, away from a previous focus on dental occlusion and hard tissue relationship and towards a greater emphasis on soft tissue adaptation and proportions. The re-emergence of the soft tissue paradigm in clinical orthodontics has made smile analysis and designing, key elements in treatment planning. Hence the purpose of this study was to establish the correlation between one of the many variables effecting smile; the inter-premolar width with the buccal corridor area show of a patient during posed smile. 147 dental casts and frontal photographs were obtained and measured for the inter-premolar width and buccal corridor area show. SPSS version 10 was used to calculate mean and SD for age [in years], inter-premolar width and the inter-commissure width of subjects. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for gender. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined for the inter-premolar width with the buccal corridor area show. r value was determined between -1.0 and +1.0The p value for inter-premolar width and buccal corridor area show during posed smile was < 0.05 being significant. It was concluded from the study that there is a statistically significant relationship between inter-premolar width and the buccal corridor area show during posed smile

Prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition of patients seeking orthodontic treatment in Bara Kahu

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and distribution of carious lesions in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. A total of 100 patients including both males and females were recruited consecutively during a one year period. Patients' pretreatment orthodontic records including charts, radiographs and photographs were examined carefully for the presence of carious lesions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Prevalence of caries was high in the maxilla as compared to mandible. Most frequently involved teeth in both the arches were first molars followed by second molars. An assessment of caries risk of the patients is mandatory before initiating orthodontic treatment in order to gain favorable outcomes of the treatment

surgical intervention an ideal treatment of De-Quervain's disease?

To evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of DeQuervain s disease. Prospective study conducted from January 2004 to February 2005. Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Clinically diagnosed cases of DeQuervain s disease who failed to respond to conservative treatment i.e. analgesics, splinatge and local steroid injections. The above mentioned patients were operated under local anesthesia and the tendons of extensor pollieis brevis and abductor pollicis longus were released. The patients were followed up for a minimum of four months to assess the clinical outcome of the procedure. There were 23 females and two male patients. Their ages ranged from 35 to 55 years with a mean age of 40 years. The two male patients were exposed to repetitive friction in terms of profession while all female patients were manual workers. Five out of 23 female patients had rheumatoid arthritis. The results of surgery showed that 22 patients had complete resolution of symptoms; in two patients the procedure ended up with failure as symptoms did not resolve and in one patient there was temporary skin paresthesia over the anatomical snuff box. Surgical intervention has promising results in DeQuervain s disease, when medical treatment fails

Is routine histopathological examination of the gall bladder a futile exercise?

This study was conducted in Surgical "B" Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from October 1998 to November 2003 to look for the incidence of malignancy in apparently benign looking gall bladders. A total of 750 patients, 126 [16.80%] males and 624 [83.20%] females, were included in the study. Cholecystectomy was performed in all these patients for non-malignant diseases, mostly gall stones, and all the specimens sent for histopathology. The biopsy reports of these specimen showed chronic cholecystitis in 512 [68.27%] patients, acute cholecystitis / empyema in 225 [30%] and normal gall bladder in 10 [13.33%] patients; in the latter it was removed as part of other procedures. Three [0.40%] gall bladders, which did not reveal any evidence of malignancy on gross peroperative examination, had primary carcinoma at an early stage i.e. confined to mucosa only. It is, therefore, concluded that early stage carcinoma [Stage I] does occur in normal / non-neoplastic looking gall bladders at operation, but in a negligible number. However, it does not alter the management of these patients, as cholecystectomy is the only treatment for early carcinoma. Hence selective histopathology of gall bladder is safe and recommended, as it will save the un-necessary expenditure on routine biposy of every case