RESUMO
Abstract Ischemic postconditioning (IPTC) brings cardioprotection endogenously, Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produces the same effect. It happens due to down expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Thus, experimental protocol associating IPTC has been formulated to find the role of ANP in the cardioprotection of heart in OVX rats. For this experiment, heart was isolated from OVX rat and held tightly on Langendorff's apparatus in a manner that ischemia of 30 min and reperfusion of 120 min were also given. Simultaneously, IPTC with four cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion of each was applied. Parameters like size of myocardial infarct, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and release of creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB) in coronary effluent were noted after each stage of experiment for ensuring the extent of myocardial injury. Some significant changes were also seen in the histopathology of cardiovascular tissues. The cardio-protection has been made by four cycles of IPTC. It was confirmed by decline in the size of myocardial infarct. It diminishes the release of LDH and CK-MB in heart of OVX rat. Thus, IPTC induces cardio-protection in the isolated heart from OVX rat. Perfusion of ANP associating with IPTC favors the cardioprotection which is further confirmed by rise in the NO release and heart rate. The level of myocardial damage changes using IPTC, IPTC+OVX, IPTC+OVX+ANP, IPTC+ OVX+ANP+L-NAME and other groups were observed significantly and were found to be less than those in I/R control group. Thus, it is recommended that ANP involving IPTC restores attenuated cardio-protection in OVX rat heart. Therefore, Post-conditioning is useful in various clinical aspects.
RESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica in Charles foster rats through an acute and sub-acute oral administration.For assessment of acute oral toxicity test, ratswere orally treated with single dose of the alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, using the OECD guidelines no. 407, the extract was administered at the doses of 50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days and at the dose of 2000 mg/kg satellite group also used for 6 weeks.In acute toxicity above mentioned doses neither showed mortality nor exterior signs of toxicity. In sub-acute, study no significant changes found in haematological and biochemical level ofthe treated rat after 14 days and 28 days in comparison to control. The histopathology of rat brain, kidney, liver, and heart also showed the no cellular changes after extract treated rat.The alcoholic leaves extract of Reinwardtia indica was found non-toxic in single drug dose administration up to 5000 mg/kg (acute study) and in sub-acute administration up to 2000 mg/kg.