Association of HIV with drug dependence; socio-demographic characteristics of substance abusers inclusive of HIV positive admitted in model drug abuse and treatment center, DHQ hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan

This study was undertaken with an objective of collecting basic data to assess the extent and variety of drug abuse in patients presenting to the model drug abuse and treatment center, DHQ hospital, Fsd as per social and demographic circumstances. cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the indoor Department of Model Drug Abuse Treatment Center of Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from Jan-2014 to March-2014. 80 patients dependent on different drugs participated in this study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Personal, Social, and Demographic variables were recorded on a demographic sheet. The results were obtained by using SPSS 17. Descriptive statistics showed that 31 patients [38.8%] were HIV positive. Most of the patients were males [97.5 %], between 30 to 35 years of age [28.8%], married [61.3%], lived in urban areas [55%], illiterate [32.5%], had primary level education [21.3%], or middle level education [22.5%]. 51.3 % patients were laborers. As illiteracy, low education, unemployment, labor as profession, and peer pressure are the key features of drug abusers. So, parents, health professionals, and state personals should take these as risk factors and focus upon these population segments to spread awareness and take measures of control to minimize the incidence of substance abuse

Relation of breast cancer with parity and breastfeeding

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of breast cancer with parity and breastfeeding in local settings since no such studies have been carried out previously. The results of such study can provide data for comparison from other parts of country and international research

Study Design: Observational study

Place and Duration: Department of Surgery Allied Hospital Faisalabad between October 2013 and October 2014

Methods: A sample of 500 breast cancer patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically was included in the study after informed consent. Patients were interviewed using a questionnaire. We observed the variables of age, parity, menstrual history and months of breastfeeding for each child. Analysis was done using SPSS version 12. 0

Results: In present study, 500 patients of breast cancer were included with age ranging from 28 years to 80 years. Most common age group was 40 to 50 years. 91.8% females with breast cancer were multiparous and all 91.8% females gave history of breastfeeding their children. 48% of the females breastfed for more than 5 years, 40% of them for 1to5 years and 3.8% of them for less than 1 year. Only 8.2% females who were either unmarried or had no issues did not breastfeed at all

Conclusion: In our local settings, multiparity and breastfeeding do not alter the risk of breast cancer and thus other risk factors must be studied