STNMP Staging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Above and Below 40 Years of Age: An Instituition Based Study

Background: A study on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in patients above and below forty years of age. Aims: To compare the clinicopathological features of OSCC in patients below and above 40 years using STNMP [S-site, T- Tumor, N- Node, M – Metastasis, P- Pathology] staging system. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study with data of patients reported with OSCC from January 2015 to September 2019 in the Department of Oral Pathology and Department of Radiotherapy, was done and analyzed using Chi-square test. The 937 study subjects obtained were categorized according to age as Group I (? 40 years) and Group II (?>40 years). A comparative study of clinicopathological variables using STNMP staging was done. Statistical analysis used: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 Results: Of the 937 cases of OSCC, 87 were in Group I and 850 in Group II. Both the groups showed a male predilection. Tongue was the most common site among Group I and the buccal mucosa in Group II. STNMP staging of OSCC showed a higher percentage of individuals in the most advanced stage of the disease Stage IV, 42.5% and 32.2% in Group I and Group II respectively. Conclusions: Both the study groups showed a higher percentage of OSCC presentation in Stage IV which highlights the need for routine oral screening and awareness campaigns about OSCC. Study also points out the advantage of STNMP staging system in giving a detailed information about the tumor which makes it easy for future analysis.

Screening Of Wound Healing Activity Of Madayantika (lawsonia Inermis Linn.) In Albino Wistar Rats

Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) is a miracle medicinal plant used in the treatment of various skin diseases especially in wound healing activity in the Indian system of medicine. Aim and Objective: The objective of the study presented in this article was to evaluate the wound healing potential of aqueous extract. The models usually used for evaluation of wound healing activity are Excision wound model, Incision Wound Model and Dead Space model. Among those excisions wound model is selected for the study. Healthy wistar strain Albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200gm were used for the study. Animals are acclimatized in a laboratory and then it were anaesthetized and then dorsal surface of rats were shaved to about an area of 500mm2 and then it was cut carefully with sterilized forceps and left undressed for open environment, then extracts of test drugs, Scaffolds containing aqueous extract and standard drug were applied and then observed and noted. Results: The extract of Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) treated wounds were found to epithelize faster and rate of wound contraction was significantly (p<0.0001) increased as compared to control group (p< 0.01). The extract treated animals showed from 502 �364 to 25.1�252 reduction in wound area when compared with control groups from 502� 0.538 to 40.71� 0.166. Conclusion: Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) possess significant wound healing effect which may beneficial in treating wounds. This drug showed extremely significant results in wound healing activity.

Utility Arches in Orthodontics - Case Reports.

Utility arches, originally designed by Ricketts as a part of his Bioprogressive therapy, are one of the most versatile auxiliary arch wires. They can be used for a wide variety of orthodontic tooth movements including protraction, retraction, intrusion and to hold teeth passively. They are also called as 2 x 4 appliances and can be used in both permanent and mixed dentitions. Their construction and applications are well illustrated with case reports.