A Sole Thromboprophylactic in Prescription of Postoperative Orthopedic Patients – A Review

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most well-known and feared sequelae of orthopaedic surgery. VTE is relatively common after arthroplasty, prophylaxis has been prescribed. The frequency of postoperative thromboembolic events increased in the absence of primary prevention. Following operations, immobilisation of a lower limb that restricts calf muscle contraction has been shown to be a key risk factor for VTE. VTE is the most frequent source of readmission in orthopaedic patients who have undergone major procedures. It should be emphasized that the best mechanical method for preventing VTE is early walking. Medication for VTE prophylaxis is prescribed more often than mechanical prophylaxis. After major orthopaedic surgery, anticoagulant treatment is essential for reducing morbidity and death. Following hospital discharge, prophylactic drug therapy aims to reduce the morbidity and mortality episodes associated with DVT and PE occurrences. Aspirin use for prevention of VTE following THA and TKA has gained popularity, especially among orthopaedic surgeons due to a minimal risk of postoperative haemorrhage, it also reduces the incidence of recurrent DVTs. Conclusion: Due to its low cost and easy administration without the requirement for regular blood testing, aspirin thromboprophylaxis following knee surgery appears promising. Aspirin saved more QALYs and was cost-effective. Aspirin was demonstrated to have a higher VTE prophylaxis profile than other medications with a time-related association to early mobilisation, healthier patients and medication compliance.

Honey Bees–Potential pollinators in hybrid seed production of sunflower.

A study was conducted to find out the role of honeybees on pollination, seed setting and seed quality of hybrid sunflower. The foraging behavior of natural bee visitants was studied on the parental lines of sunflower hybrid NDSH1 during the flowering period. Most predominant bees observed are Rock bees, Apis dorsata, European bee, Apis mellifera, Indian bee, Apis cerana indica and Stingless bees, Trigona irridipenis. Bee visitants are more on R line compared to A line. The seed setting percentage and seed yield were significantly increased when the honeybees were supplemented to the open pollination. The yields were drastically reduced when the crop was covered with insect proof net. In addition, increased seedling vigour, germination%, field emergence, oil content and quality of seed was observed with the deployment of honey bees coupled with supplemental hand pollination.

Cytogenetic evaluation of traffic policemen occupationally exposed to vehicular exhaust.

Background & objectives: Automobile exhaust consists of many toxic components and is considered to be a major health concern in urban areas. Traffic policemen are occupationally exposed to vehicular exhaust during the traffic control. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate genotoxic effects of vehicular exhaust in traffic policemen in Hyderabad, south India. Methods: Analysis of chromosomal aberrations was carried out in 136 traffic policemen, including 78 non smokers and 58 smokers who were exposed to vehicular exhaust for a period of 1-28 yr. For comparison, 115 healthy males including 69 non smokers and 46 smokers of the same age group and socio-economic status (who were not exposed to any chemical or radiation at their workplace) were studied. Results: A significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in the mean frequency of chromosomal aberrations in non smoker and smoker traffic policemen (6.48 and 8.96 respectively) when compared to their respective control groups (3.35 and 4.30). According to the age a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed both in control and exposed groups (P<0.05). As the duration of exposure increased in traffic policemen, there was a corresponding increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Interpretation & conclusions: Cytogenetic damage was more pronounced in smokers when compared to non smokers. Age and duration of exposure also appear to play a vital role in causing cytogenetic damage. Thus the present study suggests that the induction of cytogenetic damage might be due to the cumulative effect of smoking, age and duration of exposure to vehicular exhaust.