[Compraision of urease test with Giemsa staining for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis]

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori are one of the most common gastrointestinal bacterium infections. This study was done to compare the urease test with Giemsa staining to detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis

Methods: This descriptive- analytic study was conducted on 601 patients' diagnosed with gastric ulcer and gastritis, whom under went endoscopy in 5th Azar hospital, Gorgan, Iran during 2008-12. Rapid urease test was immediately taken during endoscopy. Pathological examination, Giemsa staining on paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin stain were done to assess either presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori

Results: Based on biopsy results, Gastritis and gastric ulcer were diagnosed in 80.69% and 19.3%, respectively. In gastritis and gastric ulcer patients, there was a significant differences between urease test [91.5% and 90%, respectively] in comparison with Giemsa staining [91.5% and 90%, respectively] [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The study revealed that in primary diagnosis and screening of role of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis, urease test is suitable than giemsa staining

Antibiotic resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria in Gorgan

The excessive use of broad-spectrum | antibiotics will lead to drug resistance of microorganism and i specially nosocomial organisms. Because of high incidence of 1 antibiotic resistance in hospitals, we aimed to study antibiotic resistance to gram negative bacteria. This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of biological samples [2006-2008], with positive culture result. Using antibiogram, microbial resistance to isolated microorganism was determined, and after culturing the samples, bacteria were identified by using differential media and antiserum. Then, antibiotic resistance was performed by disk diffusion. The most common gram-negative microorganism obtained from all cultures was E.coli with the lowest drug resistance to Nitrofurantoin. Based on the results, antimicrobial resistance pattern is not the same in different places and furthermore it is ever changing. Therefore, further research is needed to be done to have an accurate pattern of antibiotic resistance to provide effective treatment regimens

identification of malignant cells in serous fluids using a panel of monoclonal cytokeratin antibodies, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], carcino embryonic antigen [CEA]

Identification of malignant cells and the type of malignancy in Effusionsis very important. The main aim of this study was to differentiate between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells, and to determine the type of the tumor cells in effusions with the aid of tumor markers Creatine Kinase [CK], EMA and CEA. Forty serous fluid cytology samples delivered to pathology laboratory of Panje- Azar Hospital [15 were malignant and 25 were suspected for malignancy] were stained by immunocytochemistry technique with the aid of aforementioned tumor markers, CK, EMA and CEA. Of 15 malignancy cases, 13 were positive for three markers and the rest were negative just for CEA. In 25 of suspected to malignancy for EMA: 15 were strongly and 6 weakly positive and 4 were negative; for CK: 10 were strongly and 5 weakly positive and 5 cases were negative; and for CEA: 5 were strongly and 5 weakly positive and 15 were negative. Totally,% 87.5 of malignant fluid were positive for CK marker I and%90 for EMA marker. EMA and CK were found to be the most reliable j epithelial markers and very useful in differentiating carcinoma cells from ' reactive mesithelial cells. In Ten [40%] of the samples suspected to adenocarcinoma, CEA was positive and this indicate that CEA can be an important reference for identifying malignant effusions

[Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotype among HCV infected patients in Golestan province, Iran]

Background: Hepatitis C virus [HCV] is one of the main causative factors of liver disease which can lead to chronic hepatitis C infection in 80% of cases. HCV genotypes have a special worldwide geographic distribution. The goal of the present study was to detect HCV genotypes in patients with anti-HCV positive titers in Golestan Province, Iran

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 95 positive HCV samples as detected by RIBA were evaluated. Viral RNA was extracted with a Roche extraction kit and the Fermentase cDNA kit Random hexamer primers was used for viral genomic cDNA synthesis. PCR was performed on all samples by a general pair of primers. Second-step PCR was done with specific primers, and the results were obtained following electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining in documentation gel

Results: General primer PCR revealed 91 positive samples. Assessment of 77 samples determined that the following genotypes were present: 1 and 3 [1a [19.5%], 1b [19.5%], 3a [15.6%], 3b [24.7%]], 2a [2.6%], 4 [7.8%]. The remaining samples were a mixture of genotypes 1 and 3 [6.5%]

Conclusion: The ingmost prevalent genotypes found were types 1 and 3 in Golestan Province. This distribution pattern differed from other areas in Iran, however genotype 4 was in accordance with other studies. Genotype 2 was only reported in this study and a study in Tehran. Thus, additional, larger studies of HCV genotypes should be performed for further analysis of genotypic distribution patterns

Isolated gastric tuberculosis; A case report

Tuberculosis is an important problem in the world and Iran. Tuberculosis is an ancient disease but because of different presentations is a mysterious disease too. A 20-year-old girl who complained of abdominal pain with peptic ulcer and weight loss was admitted in our hospital. Since 4 months ago before referring, she had been treated many times for peptic ulcer including treatment for helicobacter pylori. Then endoscopy and biopsy were done. In endoscopy one ulcer in antrum with malignant appearance was observed. At biopsy granulomatous inflammation compatible with tuberculosis reported. She was treated by anti-tuberculosis drug for six months. Endoscopy repeated after 2 months of therapy showed completely normal pattern and she had 5 kg weight gain and totally symptom free after completion of therapy. Gastric TB should be considered for differential diagnosis of patient with gastric symptoms in endemic regions

[Frequency of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in blood donors and patients in Gorgan blood transfusion organization in 2003]

Consultation prior to blood donation and screening tests of common blood born diseases such as Hepatitis B,C and AIDS are very important issue in blood quality assurance, therefore we decided to compare frequency of such diseases in blood donors and outpatients admitted in the blood transfusion centers. For this purpose the initial tests including HBsAg, HCVAb, and HIVAb were performed on all blood donors and outpatients' blood samples in Gorgan transfusion center by ELIZA methods during 2003 and confirmatory tests including neutralization for HBsAg, RIBA for HCVAb and Western blot for HIVAb performed in condition where ELIZA report was positive. The blood donor in this study had the following positive results: HbsAg 2.5%, HCVAb 3%, HIV 0.35%. The same indeces for the out patients were positive as follow: 13%, 8.3% and 2.04% respectively. The other finding from this investigation indicate that the blood donors positive cases with the ELISA technique were confirmed by Western blot 92%, 20.1% nad 0% for HBSAg, HCVAb, as HIV respectively. The confimatory results of the positive out patient's cases were as follow, 97%, 47% and 60% for HBSAg, HCVAb and HIV respectivley. This study reveals frequency of Hepatitis B and C and AIDS among outpatients which considered being high risk group are more than the blood donors. We conclude that the measurement of HBSAg by ELIZA methodes in comparision to the HCV and HIV are more accurate

value of thyroid fine needle aspiration in evaluation of follicular neoplasms

The presence of single or multiple nodules with in the thyroid glandis a common clinical problem. It is immposible to differentiate benign and malignant follicular neoplasms in cytologic examinations. Estimation of risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules who are cytologically assumped to be follicular neoplasm has a critical importance. The aim of this research is evaluation of diagnostic value of thyroid FNA in follicular neoplasm. This survey was done on 476 patients with thyroid nodule whome were biopsied in a 7 years period [in 5th Azar hospital, Gorgan]. Standard aspirations and biopsies techniques performed and necessary smears prepared. Wet-fixed smear glass slides are placed immediately in alcohol [70%] 7-10 slides from the aspiration. The patients with cytologic report whome considered follicular neoplasm followed total thyroidectomy or lobotomy. From 476 patients for thyroid nodules 412 cases [86.5%] are suitable for cytologic evaluation which 312 cases [77.9%] of them were benign and 14 cases [3.3%] were malignant. The rest [77 cases] reported to have follicular neoplsm, this patients also undergone thyroid surgery. The result of histological findings appeared in 32 cases [57.1%] follicular adenoma, 15 cases[26.7%] non-euplastic nodules, 5 cases[8.9%] follicular carcinoma and 4 cases [7.1%]follicular type of papillary carcinoma. 9 cases [16%] found malignant among cases which cytologic reports considered as "follicular neoplasms" and subsequently undergone thyroid surgery [consist of follicular carcinoma and follicular type of papillary carcinoma], confirme the importance of histopathologic study of follicular lesions for differentiation between malignant and benign lesions