Ensayo estructural no destructivo utilizando microtomografía de rayos X para estimación de diferencias de densidad másica en muestras óseas de conejo / Non-destructive structural assay using X-ray micro-tomography to estimate mass density differences in rabbit bone samples

Al realizarse estudios sobre muestras óseas para analizar características como dureza, densidad y salud, se suelen utilizar equipamientos que permiten la cuantificación de la densidad electrónica, proporcional a la densidad másica, que se relaciona directamente con la densidad mineral ósea. El test conocido como densitometría ósea se suele realizar con equipos de rayos X, ultrasonido o por medio de la utilización de isótopos radioactivos. Este estudio cuantifica la cantidad mineral ósea por superficie y suele ser utilizado para evaluar, entre otros, riesgos de fracturas o estado de osteoporosis. La técnica de tomografía computada utiliza imágenes bidimensionales de rayos X y métodos de reconstrucción tomográfica implementados en algoritmos computacionales para obtener información de la estructura interna de un objeto, de forma no destructiva. Equipamientos especialmente desarrollados logran obtener imágenes con resolución sub-milimétrica, dando lugar a la técnica conocida como micro-tomografía. La posibilidad de estudiar estructuras óseas con este grado de resolución y obtener imágenes morfológicas tridimensionales con información de la densidad electrónica, presenta una importante opción para estudios específicos sobre, entre otros, crecimiento de hueso y estudios de nuevos componentes que permiten acelerar el crecimiento de tejidos dañados. En el presente trabajo se analizan muestras óseas del cráneo de conejos donde se han dañado determinadas zonas y se han injertado diferentes sustancias tendientes a evaluar respuestas de reparación de tejido óseo. El análisis se realiza a los fines de estudiar la performance de la técnica de micro-tomografía desarrollada en laboratorio con el objetivo de observar su potencialidad en este tipo de estudios y la capacidad de estos análisis en la caracterización de las propiedades físicas de este tipo de muestras.

When performing studies on bone samples aiming at analyzing its physical characteristics such as hardness, density and health, typically it is used to utilize different equipment for the quantification of electron density, which results proportional to mass density, which is directly related to bone mineral density. The test known as bone densitometry is usually done using X-ray equipment, ultrasound or through the utilization of radioactive isotopes. This analysis quantifies the amount of mineral bone on a surface and is usually implemented to assess, among others, risks of fractures or the osteoporosis state in a patient. The computed tomography technique uses two-dimensional X-ray images and tomographic reconstruction methods implemented on computational algorithms to obtain information about the internal structure of an object in a nondestructively way. Specially developed equipment able to obtain images with sub-millimeter resolution, results in the technique known as micro-tomography. The ability to study bone structures at sub-millimeter levels and obtain three-dimensional morphological images with electron density information, presents an important option for specific studies on bone growth and studies on new components that allow the growth of damaged tissues. In this paper rabbits cranium bone samples where certain areas have been damaged and have been filled with different substances specially designed to evaluate repair responses on bone tissue are analyzed. The analysis is performed in order to study the performance of the micro-tomography technique developed in the laboratory in order to observe its potentiality in this type of studies and the ability of these analysis in the characterization of the physical properties of such samples.

Qualidade de méis produzidos por apicultores e méis provenientes de entrepostos registrados no Serviço de Inspeção Federal / Quality of honeys produced by beekeepers and honey from warehouses registered at the Federal Inspection Service

This study was carried out to compare the physiochemical quality of honeys from beekeepers in northern Zona da Mata, MG, and honeys from warehouses registered at the Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) in the State of Minas Gerais. Physiochemical analysis involving 39 samples were done, with three samples from each of the 13 beekeepers and 18 samples from warehouses registered at SIF-MG. Differences in quality from the two origins occurred in: free acidity, ashes, hydroxymethylfurfural, apparent sucrose and insoluble solids, where honeys from warehouses were of better quality. In addition, for free acidity and insoluble solids, two samples from northern Zona da Mata showed values above the established by the Instrução Normativa n°11 relative to the year 2000, whereas the values for insoluble solids in 11 samples from northern Zona da Mata and 2 samples from warehouses were in disagreement with this legislation.

Inespecificidade parasitária em Argas (Persicargas) miniatus Koch, 1844 (Acari: Argasidae) / Nonspecificity of parasitism on Argas (Persicargas) miniatus Koch, 1844 (Acari: Argasidae)

Foram coletados 665 espécimes de Argas miniatus em dois municípios dos estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais. Destes, 596 (89,6 por cento) tinham se alimentado, sendo que 489 (82 por cento) reagiram para um único tipo de sangue, distribuídos entre aves (46,8 por cento), roedores (30,9 por cento), gambás (14,5 por cento), bovinos (4,3 por cento) e eqüinos (3,5 por cento). Nesse tipo de reação, o sangue de mamíferos foi detectado em 53,2 por cento (260/489) dos argasídios. As reações múltiplas foram observadas em 107 (17,9 por cento) carrapatos, com sangue de aves presente em 84,1 por cento (90/107), enquanto, o sangue de mamíferos reagiu em 100 por cento (107/107). Os resultados apontam para a inespecificidade parasitária

Six hundred and sixty-five specimens of Argas miniatus were collected in two municipalities of Bahia and Minas Gerais states, Brazil. Five hundred and ninety-six (89.6 percent) of them had fed and 489 (82 percent) of them reacted to only one type of blood, including birds (46.8 percent), rodents (30.9 percent), opossuns (14.5 percent), bovines (4.3 percent) and horses (3.5 percent). In that reaction, the type of mammal blood was detected in 53.2 percent (260/489) of the ticks. Multiple reactions were observed in 107 (17.9 percent) ticks, with blood of birds present in 84.1 percent (90/107), while the blood of mammals was detected in 100 percent (107/107). The results point for the nonspecificity of parasitism

Eficácia do extrato aquoso de Azadiracta indica no controle de Boophilus microplus em bovino / Effectiveness of Azadiracta indica watery extract on the control of bovine ticks Boophilus microplus

This study was carried out with two groups of bovines naturally infected with Boophilus microplus. One group was treated every week during a month with Neem's watery extract and the other group was treated only once (at the test onset) with amabectin pour-on. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference (P<0.0001) between both groups (Neem and amabectin) throughout the experiment. However, time of collection [(day0 = day15) Õ day30] and age brackets (cows

Cisticercose suína, teníase e neurocisticercose humana no município de Barbalha, Ceará / Porcine cysticercosis, taeniasis and human neurocysticercosis in municipal district of Barbalha, Ceará

Em Barbalha, Ceará, foram realizados levantamentos de casos de cisticercose suína, teníase e neurocisticercose humana causadas por Taenia solium, e realizou-se uma pesquisa quanto aos sistemas de criação de suínos na região. De 85 suínos abatidos em abatedouro local 4,7 por cento apresentavam cisticercose, a maioria dos cisticercos localizava-se na língua e coração. Entre 2001 e 2004, das 302 criações de suínos denunciadas à vigilância sanitária, 96,6 por cento eram chiqueiros. A teníase, entre 1998 e 2003, correspondeu a 1,1 por cento das verminoses diagnosticadas pela Secretária de Saúde Municipal. Entre 2001 e 2003, os casos de neurocisticercose humana corresponderam a 5 por cento das tomografias de crânio requisitadas nos hospitais da região.

In Barbalha, municipal district of Ceará state, an assessment of cases of porcine cysticercosis, taeniasis and human neurocysticercosis caused by the Taenia solium was performed in order to evaluate the situation of these diseases. It was also carried out a research about the types of swine farms registered in the area. Considering the 85 swine slaughtered at the slaughterhouse of Barbalha, 4.7 percent presented cysticercosis. Most cysticerci were located in the tongue and in the heart. Between 2001 and 2004, from 302 swine farms denounced to the Sanitary Surveillance, 9.6 percent were pigsties. Taeniasis, between 1998 and 2003, corresponded to 1.1 percent of the helminthes diagnosed by the Municipal Health Office. From 2001 to 2003, the cases of human neurocysticercosis corresponded to 5 percent of the skull tomographies requested in the hospitals of the area.

Duração da gestação e do parto em éguas Puro Sangue Arabe / Length of gestation and parturition in Arabian Thoroughbred mares

The length of gestation and parturition in 147 Arabian Thoroughbred mares were studied. Length of gestation averaged 330 days and was influenced by the age of mare. They were 335, 330 and 328 days for mares aged up to 4 years, 5 to 9 years and over 10 years, respectively. Parturition lasted 56 minutes on average and was not influenced by the reproductive condition of the mare. Most births occurred at night.

Avaliaçäo da transferência passiva da imunidade através da proteína total sangüínea, em potros da raça Árabe / Measurement of blood total protein for assessment of passive immunity transference in the newborn Arabian foals

To study the passive immunity transference to the new born foal via colostrum, the total serum protein of 27 foals, being 13 females and 14 males, born from multiparae and primiparae mares was estimated. The blood samples were colected at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hours after the first suckling. The total protein values increase significantly between 6 and 12 hours after the first suckling, being not influenced by the sex of the foal. The total protein values of new borns from multiparae mares were significantly higher than primiparae mares at 12 hours after the first suckling and was mantained in the same levels for 30 hours. It was concluded that the newborn Arabian foals had the highest immunoglobulin absortion between 6 and 12 hours after the first suckling and it is higher in foals born from multiparae than from primiparae mares

Flebotomíneos do Estado de Tocantins, Brasil (Diptera: Psychodidae) / Phlebotomine sand flies in the State of Tocantins, Brazil (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Between 1997-1998, the authors carried out sporadic collection of sand flies in the municipalities of Paraíso de Tocantins, Monte do Carmo, Porto Nacional and Monte Santo all in the Tocantins State of northern Brazil. Human bait was used in Monte Santo and a battery operated light trap in other municipalities. The ecotypes chosen for the traps were in the peridomiciles, inside the houses, in the forest and the orchard. We identified 2,677 sand flies, belonging to 32 species. The most abundant species of sand flies were Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia carmelinoi, Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipennis and Lutzomyia antunesi. Collections from the forest showed greater diversity of species, while the largest number of sand flies were caught around the houses. Several species known or suspected to be vectors of Leishmania in other regions of Brazil were captured.

Nos anos de 1997 e 1998 realizaram-se capturas esporádicas de flebotomíneos nos municípios de Paraíso de Tocantins, Monte do Carmo, Porto Nacional e Monte Santo, todos localizados no estado de Tocantins, região norte do Brasil, com o intuito de conhecer a fauna flebotomínica da região. No município de Monte Santo utilizou-se isca humana e nos demais armadilhas luminosas CDC. Os ecótopos utilizados foram: peridomicílio, intradomicílio, mata e pomar. Foram capturados 2.677 flebotomíneos, pertencentes a 32 espécies. As mais freqüentes foram Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia carmelinoi, Lutzomyia evandroi, Lutzomyia longipennis e Lutzomyia antunesi. As capturas na mata apresentaram maior diversidade de espécies, enquanto no peridomicílio houve maior número de exemplares capturados. Foram capturadas neste estado várias espécies vetoras em outras regiões do Brasil.

Avaliacao, por docentes e alunos, do processo de integracao das disciplinas enfermagem medica e enfermagem cirurgica. / Evaluation by instructors and students of the integration process of medical-surgical nursing

a por cento (29/32) dos determinantes transferiveis eram do tipo Fi.