RESUMO
In India, white revolution was started during 1970’s with Operation flood programme. After this revolution, production of milk in India had tremendously increased. Contribution of diary sector has continuously increased in Indian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Livestock sector has emerged as an essential growth driver of the Indian wealth. This study is associated with time series data of five major milk producing states in 2017-18 in India. The milk production projection has been made using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving average model (ARIMA) for year 2024-25. From the forecasted figures, Uttar Pradesh would be leading states of India in milk production with 37.68 MMT in year 2024-25. Whole India milk production would reach 252.948 MMT in year 2024-25. This projection helps in formulating national agricultural policy as well as proper planning for products into dairy sector
RESUMO
The present study aimed at assessing the role of histone H1 in activating macrophages. Histone H1, injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight as multiple regimens weekly, significantly increased the number of peritoneal macrophages post 21 days of injection. The oxidative and non-oxidative activation of peritoneal macrophages by histone H1 was assessed. For the assessment of oxidative activation the levels of superoxide radical and nitric oxide radical were assessed. The oxidative activation was evident from release of significantly high levels of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals liberated by macrophages of animals treated with histone H1 (P < 0.001) than in untreated animals. In addition, the higher activities of superoxide dismutase indicated protective effect of histone H1, to keep away the macrophages from noxious effects of superoxide. The catalase activity was decreased significantly in macrophages of histone H1 treated animals. The levels of reduced glutathione were significantly (P < 0.001) lowered in treated animals, whereas the levels of lipid peroxides generated were non-significant. The non-oxidative activation was assessed from the activities of lysosomal enzymes released and also from cytolysis of NO-insensitive L929 cells. The activities of lysosomal enzymes-acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase released were significantly high in treated animals than in untreated animals (P < 0.001). Histone H1 stimulated the cytolysis of macrophages in L929 cells than in untreated animals. These results suggest that histone H1 stimulates macrophages by oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms, which favor its future therapeutic prospects.