RESUMO
Background. According to the Colombia National Statistics Administration (2005) in Colombia it is estimated that 17.3% of the registered population has permanent hearing limitations, of which 24 547 are under 10. Objective. This study aimed to determine the national prevalence of hearing loss in the population under 10 years of age between 2009 and 2011, identifying the variations in rates by type of hearing loss, unilateral or bilateral loss, age, and sex. Materials and methods. This descriptive, cross-sectional study, used data from the Individual Records of Health Procedures that was reported to the Colombian Ministry of Health during the period of observation and that was related to the diagnostic categories of hearing loss at discharge laid out in the ICD-10. Results. The analysis identified a hearing loss rate of 4.3 cases per 1,000 individuals under 10 years of age. The rate of sensorineural hearing loss cases was 5.1, 2.4 for conductive hearing loss and 1.2 for mixed hearing loss. Rates of 5.7 for bilateral hearing loss and 0.6 for unilateral losses were identified. A higher rate was found in children aged 5 to 10 years (2.4), than in children of 0-4 years of age (1.9). Conclusions. The evidence shows a high rate of hearing loss in children under 10 years of age. No significant differences between males and females are identified. Similar behavior was observed for both sexes in terms of sensorineural and conductive losses. However, there was a greater presence of mixed loss in females than in males.
Antecedentes. Según el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (2005), en Colombia se estima que un 17,3% de la población censada tiene limitaciones permanentes para oír, de los cuales 24.547 son menores de 10 años. Objetivo. El estudio se propuso determinar la prevalencia nacional de las pérdidas auditivas en población menor de 10 años entre 2009 y 2011, identificando las variaciones en las tasas según tipo de pérdida auditiva, uni o bilateralidad de la pérdida, edad y sexo. Materiales y métodos. El estudio, de tipo descriptivo y transversal, empleó los datos del Registro Individual de Procedimientos en Salud reportados al Ministerio de Salud en el período de observación y relacionados con las categorías diagnósticas de egreso de pérdida auditiva en la CIE-10. Resultados. El análisis identificó una tasa de pérdida auditiva de 4,3 casos por cada 1.000 en población menor de 10 años. La tasa de pérdidas neurosensoriales fue de 5,1 casos, 2,4 de conductivas y 1,2 de mixtas. Se identificó una tasa de 5,7 para pérdidas bilaterales y de 0,6 para unilaterales. Se presenta una tasa mayor en niños de 5 a 10 años con 2,4, que en niños de 0 a 4 años con 1,9. Conclusiones. La evidencia muestra una alta tasa de pérdidas auditivas en niños menores de 10 años. No se identifican diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, observándose un comportamiento similar por sexo en pérdidas neurosensoriales y conductivas y siendo mayor la presencia de pérdidas mixtas en mujeres que en hombres.
RESUMO
Early detection of hearing loss in children under six months of age, is supposed an appropriate care for the acquisition and early development of a language, to ensure that children under a comprehensive care and quality of life as part of their human development, as well as respond to their rights as part of existing national policies around children. In this regard research attempted to know the status of some health services, in struc-ture, organization and institutional functioning in the framework of the General system of Social Security, in the promotion and prevention programs, It will be demonstrated (or evidenced) the correspondence among as stated from the legal level, include the business promoters of health EPS, assume the lenders of IPS ser-vices institutions and the benefit they get in assistance or service of quality in which hearing loss is detected early. The research methodology used was descriptive to characterize the territorial conditions of structure, organization and institutional functioning available to some IPS, to advance actions of promotion of the ear health and detection of hearing loss. The research method was observational qualitative approach to analítico-sintético, since that was expected to meet each of the parties that characterized the reality of the current state of the studied health services, through the review and documentary analysis of laws and the investigation of knowledge of administrative and healthcare professionals.