The study of thyroid dysfunction in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common gynecological condition observed during many women's reproductive period. AUB affects the quality of life, causing distress. Most of the cases are undiagnosed or not properly diagnosed. Multiple reasons are causing AUB, one of them is thyroid dysfunction. Nowadays, thyroid testing is readily available, which helps in diagnosis and better management of AUB.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 124 AUB cases using simple random sampling after approval from the ethics committee.Results: Total thyroid dysfunction was noted in 32.26% of cases, and 70.16% were multiparous. About 34.1% of cases of menorrhagia and 54.2% of cases of oligomenorrhea had thyroid abnormalities.Conclusions: For appropriate management of AUB, testing of thyroid levels is necessary.

Induction of labour using transcervical Foley's catheter with extra amniotic saline infusion versus intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel at term gestation: a comparative study

Background: The intentional commencement of cervical ripening and uterine contraction for the purpose of achieving delivery prior to the onset of spontaneous parturition is known as induction of labour. When the benefits to the mother or the foetus surpass the benefits of extending the pregnancy, it is indicated. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a transcervical foley's catheter with extra amniotic saline infusion against intra cervical prostaglandin E2 gel for inducing labour in term pregnant women.Methods: From January 2020 to June 2021, a comparative study was undertaken at R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre. The study enrolled a total of 72 individuals. After obtaining informed consent from the patients who were admitted, and meeting the inclusion criteria, detailed history was collected, baseline investigations were done. After clinical examination of the patient, by using the simple lottery method, patients were divided into group A (Extra amniotic saline infusion group with Foley’s catheter) and group B (Dinoprostone (PGE2 gel) group).Results: Prolonged gestational age, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and oligohydramnios were the most frequent causes for induction in the EASI group, accounting for 38.89%, 38.89%, and 22.22%, respectively. The dinoprostone group has 36.11%, 33.33%, and 25%, respectively. After induction, the majority of patients in the EASI group had a modified Bishop's score of 2.Conclusions: Our research found that PGE2 and EASI were equally effective in inducing labour.

The association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and risk of pre-eclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is responsible for 20% to 80% of mortality among pregnant in developing countries. Preeclampsia may cause prematurity and fetal growth restriction. It is the most serious complication affecting 2-8% of all pregnancies. The mortality and morbidity rates among the babies of pre-eclampsia mothers is five times higher than that among babies born to healthy mothers. Objective: To find the association between pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with incidence of pre-eclampsia.Methods: Cross sectional Observational study was conducted among 140 cases. The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the ethics committee.Results: In this study, in 27.9% of cases overweight, and in 12.1% of cases obesity were seen. In 60.7% of cases severe preeclampsia, and 39.3% of cases mild preeclampsia was reported. Preeclampsia had no significant association with age, marital life, parity, but had a significant association with liquor, birth weight, and NICU admission.Conclusions: Pre pregnancy weight and Gestational weight gain were associated with high risk of preeclampsia.

Aberrant signal transduction in Indian triple-negative breast cancer patients

Aim of Study: The aim of this study is to correlate the prominin-1 or CD133 association with functional pathway markers of cancer stemness in Indian triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient samples. Materials and Methods: TNBC samples were confirmed for the absence of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor–ER/progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 or proto-oncogene neu or erbB2 or CD340 by immunohistochemical analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of patients were used to collect the total RNA. Then, one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the cancer stemness-related transcript levels in the different samples. The RT-PCR products were analyzed semi-quantitatively on agarose gels. The band intensities of respective samples for different transcripts were analyzed by densitometry. Results: TNBC-confirmed samples had shown increased levels of CD133 transcript than control tissues. Further, elevated CD133 transcripts are correlated with higher transcript levels of NOTCH1/FZD7/transforming growth factor-beta receptor Type III R/patched-1 pathway mediators. Conclusions: This work has clearly indicated that there is a correlation between CD133 and functional pathways that control cancer stem cells in TNBC. These observations may indicate the possible association between cancer stemness and TNBC malignancy

Multifocal Retiform Hemangioendothelioma Of Bone Masquerading As Skeletal Metastasis

Hemangioendothelioma (HE) is a rare primary bone tumor of vascular origin constituting 0.5–1% of primary malignant bone tumors. Here, we report the clinical and histopathological features of a 38-year-old male who presented with multifocal lesions involving the left scapula, left proximal humerus, and the left ulnar olecranon process which was diagnosed as metastatic lesion radiologically and clinically. The final diagnosis of retiform HE was made on the basis of histopathology.

Study on clinical assessment of volume status and correlation to the respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter by echocardiography, a non-invasive method of measuring volume status

Introduction: Giving more fluid causes edema and less gives rise to hypoperfusion causing improper delivery of oxygen and substrate leads to cellular dysfunction and multiorgan dysfunction involving the brain, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs and causing death. Diffusion, filtration, osmosis and adequate reabsorption help in continuous exchange of water and solutes among compartment. Daily water intake from the food and water get equalized with losses in the kidneys as urine, from the gastrointestinal system as feces and evaporation of water through lung and skin. Various hormones like Angiotensin II, Aldosterone ADH, Atrial natriuretic peptide maintain sodium and water balance and hence volume status. To maintain normovolemia there is every need for meticulous evaluation for patient Volume status in each patient for adequate volume replacement. Aim of the study: Correlating the Clinical Assessment of Volume Status to the volume assessment By Echocardiography using Respiratory Variation in Inferior Vena Cava Diameter. Gnanaprakasam J, Vasantha Kumar M, Praveenkumar M, Lakshmi Priya R. Study on clinical assessment of volume status and correlation to the respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter by echocardiography, a non-invasive method of measuring volume status. IAIM, 2018; 5(5): 104-110. Page 105 Materials and methods: Study population consisted of 200 patient of medicine department both inpatient and outpatient of Chengalpattu Medical college. The patient was examined clinically, history suggestive of volume depletion and history suggestive of volume overload were noted, signs and symptoms of both hypovolemia and hypervolemia were noted. Echocardiography was used as a noninvasive method of measuring volume status. Results: Correlation of assessment of volume status by the clinical method and IVC method as low, normal and high was represented. Correlation – 0.797, P value < 0.001 which tell that there was a statistically significant correlation between your two variables. That means, increases or decreases in IVC do significantly relate to increase or decrease. Conclusion: The use of echocardiography as a non-invasive mode of volume assessment is helpful to empower the clinical assessment methods and hence improves diagnostic accuracy.

Titamium oxide (TiO2) assisted photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.

The aqueous solution of methylene blue(MB) has been subjected to Photocatalytic degradation by UV radiation in presence of TiO2 photo-catalyst containing different concentrations of H2O2. The experiments conducted at different dye concentrations (12 and 20 ppm), catalyst loading, pH and H2O2 dosage (1-10 ml l-1), revealed that the degradation rate is strongly influenced by respective experimental parameters. However the influence of catalyst alone is not predominant in degradation. The decolorization of dye proceed to near completeness when H2O2 is used. The best degradation results are observed at 0.1 wt% of catalyst loading at pH 2 for TiO2/UV system. It has been found that the optimum concentration of H2O2 for 12 ppm and 20 ppm amount of the dye was 2ml l-1 for UV/H2O2 system. The kinetic of degradation of the dye followed the pseudo first order rate. The degradation studies using TiO2/UV/H2O2 system, indicates enhancement in the degradation rate of the dye compared to that of UV/H2O2 system alone.

Hepatitis and multi-drug therapy in leprosy with special reference to prothionamide.

Hepatotoxicity in two drug regimens was studied at Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu (Tamil Nadu) during 1983-84. In 'P' regimen-prothionamide 350 mg daily, dapsone 100 mg daily and rifampicin 600 mg at monthly intervals were given. In' C' regimen-dapsone 100 mg daily, rifampicin 600 mg once a month and clofazimine 300 mg once a month and 100 mg alternate day were given. Trial was started with fifty multibacillary adult leprosy patients in each group. Enzymatic hepatic dysfunction was noted in 52-58 per cent of the cases even before the therapy was started. In 'P' regimen, four cases of clinical jaundice and six cases of high bilirubinaemia was noticed during the trial as against two cases each of clinical jaundice and high bilirubinaemia in 'C regimen. Of the two cases of clinical jaundice in 'C' regimen, one turned out to be a case of HBV infection. The study which is in progress, indicated higher hepatotoxicity in 'P' regimen which is probably explained by the simultaneous use of two hepatotoxic drugs. Viral hepatitis is endemic in this area and might have aggravated the hepatotoxicity observed.

Vagal and adrenal influences on gastric secretion in Shay rats.

The present experiment was planned to assess the role of vagus and adrenals in gastric secretion in the pylorus ligated rats. Vagotomy significantly reduced the volume of gastric juice but the reduction following adrenalectomy was not significant. Both vagotomy and adrenalectomy significantly reduced the free acid, total acid and pepsin contents of the gastric secretion, the reduction being more pronounced following vagotomy.