A study of prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban adults of Ballari, India.

Background: Diabetes is a major lifestyle disorder, the prevalence of which is increasing globally. India has the unfortunate privilege of being the “Diabetes capital” of the world, more concerning is the fact that diabetes prevalence over the past 4 decades has increased fourfold. Indian studies have shown the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus to be 2.4% in rural and 4 to 11% among urban dwellers due to industrialization and urbanization. There is a paucity of such data in the state and none in Ballari city hence this present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of type 2 D in urban population of Ballari city. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in urban wards of Ballari city. The sample of 1412 adults aged above 20 years were included in the study. Cluster sampling technique adopted to select the wards and systematic random sampling was used to select the subjects. Ethical clearance was obtained and written informed consent from respective subjects. Data was collected using pre designed and pretested semistructured questionnaire. Questionnaire included information regarding socio-demographic profile and blood glucose level was measured by glucometer. Results: The overall prevalence was found to be 12.7% and prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 15.6% in males and 10.1% in case of females. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Ballari city was 12.7%.

Biochemical and molecular analysis of sugarcane genotypes response to salinity and drought.

Sugarcane genotypes such as tolerant (Co 99004), and sensitive (Co 97010) were subjected to NaCl (170 and 250mM) and Poly ethylene glycol (-0.8Mpa and -1.7Mpa) treatment and evaluated through biochemical and molecular analysis to assess the commonness between salinity and drought stress. Among the biochemical characters analyzed total chlorophyll decreased and proline, lipid peroxidase, xanthophylls increased with severe stress (both salinity and drought). Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased with isozymes showing over expression under stress condition. In Reverse Transcriptase-PCR the genes p5cs and ADC1 showed differential amplification with tolerant genotypes recording up-regulation. The results showed that the tolerant genotype (Co 99004) expressed better stability under the saline and water stress conditions where as the sensitive genotype (97010) failed to perform under the stress conditions.

Characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus types Ο and Asia 1 RNA.

Poly (A) RNA was isolated from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells by oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography. One-dimensional oligonucleotide mapping of virusinduced poly (A) RNA indicated major differences between virus types Ο and Asia 1. Base composition analysis of virus-induced RNA showed no significant differences between types O and Asia 1.