RESUMO
A atual vacina contra a tuberculose, o BCG (Bacilo Calmette Guérin), uma vacina atenuada, derivada do Mycobacterium bovis, apesar de proteger as crianças contra a enfermidade, falha na proteção contra a tuberculose pulmonar ativa em adultos, principalmente em países onde a doença é endêmica. Uma nova vacina para tuberculose deve proteger várias categorias de indivíduos, como crianças, adultos, idosos e imunocomprometidos. Sendo assim, uma característica importante a se considerar é a seguridade vacinal para todas as classes de imunizados. Esta revisão propõe apresentar as novas estratégias de vacinação, tais como subunidades vacinais, vacinas de DNA, vacinas com micro-organismos e vetores vivos e discutir as aplicações dessas novas estratégias no controle e erradicação da tuberculose.
RESUMO
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an emerging and worrisome health problem that threatens tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. The clinical management of MDR-TB is a complex issue associated with the use of multiple drugs for a long period, usually accompanied by side effects and high costs. The objective of this work was to relate cases of MDR-TB occurring in Goiás, a central state of Brazil. We related five cases of MDR-TB, three women and two men. All were pulmonary cases. Three were in their second treatment and two in their first treatment. Surgical pulmonary resection was performed in one case. One death occurred. Lack of adherence, gastric intolerance to anti-TB drugs and poor clinical management were the main aspects related to the emergent resistance. A revision of the main clinical aspects of this disease was performed.