Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of Simarouba amara (Aubl.) bark

The present study was conducted to determine the nutritional elements in Simarouba amara (Aubl.) bark aqueousextract (SAAE) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the in vitroantibacterial activity against pathogens enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcous aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory, and bactericidalconcentration. Then, antidiarrheal effect was studied on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice model. Recorded Mg > Fe> Cu > Zn elements in SAAE invariably found to be effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.Effective concentration of bark showed the zone of inhibition against enterotoxigenic E. coli (200 mg/ml), S. typhiand S. aureus (300 mg/ml), and P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia (100 mg/ml). The standard ratio between minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was meticulously recorded “one”against all pathogens, which confirms the bactericidal property. Results in mice model prominently showed that SAAEsignificantly (p < 0.05) reduced the frequency and number of diarrheal episodes, intestinal fluid accumulation, andintestinal transit time in dose-dependent manner. Inordinate delay in charcoal movement in the intestine positivelyconfirmed the antispasmodic effect by reducing propulsive movement. Confirmed findings in this study naturallysuggested that SAAE could be an effective antibacterial and antidiarrheal formulation.

Modern trends in extra oral maxillofacial prosthesis - a review

Maxillofacial prosthesis are usually fabricated on the basis of conventional impressions and techniques. The extent to which the prosthesis reproduced normal facial morphology depends on the clinical judgement and skill of the individual fabricating the Prosthesis. Recently, as a result of advances in digitized imaging technology like Laser Surface digitizer with CAD/CAM, CT, MRI Sequence, and Rapid prototyping techniques have been successfully introduced for the automated fabrication of auricular prosthesis. To obtain design and fabrication of prosthesis replicas and molding technique for casting prosthetic parts with the new manufacturing approach shows reduced patient discomfort, minimal dependence on the artistic skills of the prosthestist short turn around times for the prosthesis can be expected

Conventional and advanced techniques in prosthodontic preservation and surgical management of residual alveolar ridge - a review

Prevention of alveolar bone loss and maintenance of alveolar bone structure are mandatory for long-term stability of conventional or implant-supported complete dentures. Extraction of teeth may result in 40% to 60% alveolar bone loss in a period of two to three years. Several conditions, including aging, facial lines, unaesthetic dental restorations and loss of vertical dimension, are often accelerated by premature loss of facial bone. Bone maintenance is the procedure of preserving bone after tooth loss. Every attempt should be made at the time of tooth loss to preserve the height and width of the jawbone. An unsatisfactory ridge morphology may result from periodontal disease, trauma or endodontic complications. Consideration must be given, during tooth extraction, to the final shape of the alveolar ridge and overlying soft tissue and to the optimal esthetic and functional result of the final tooth replacement. Soft and hard tissue complications can lead to unsatisfactory results for the patient, including unacceptable tooth morphology, poor phonetics and lack of confidence in denture stability. These problems may be prevented at the diagnosis and consultation stage. This review mainly includes various conventional and advanced prosthodontic and surgical techniques to enhance the residual alveolar ridge preservation

TMJ disorders prosthodontic perspective

The entity temporomandibular joint disorders is an umbrella term which combines those with true pathology of the temporomandibular joint [TMJ] and those with involvement of the muscles of mastication [myofascial pain dysfunction]. It has been estimated that 25% of general population suffers from TMJ related symptoms and only 2% of them seek treatment. General joint and muscle diseases, psychological and psychosocial factors, and local influences such as occlusal disturbances, parafunctional activities, i.e. bruxism, and traumas, can affect the condition of temperomandibular joint. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can often obviate the need for more extensive therapy

Bruxism in dentistry - an overview

Although not a life-threatening condition, chronic bruxism often impairs the quality of life of affected individuals. In advanced stages, the condition might be accompanied by tooth sensitivity, abrasion, fractures, mobility, or loss, dental caries, alveolar bone loss, headaches, earaches and adverse cumulative, irreversible effect on dental implants and aesthetic restorations. Diminished facial height along with hypertrophy of the masseter may change one's appearance. Early detection of the problem not only helps to suppress the habit, but also prevents adverse dental consequences