RESUMO
Desde un enfoque de derechos, diferencial y dual, la población sorda es reconocida como sujetos sociales y de especial protección, quienes tienen unas particularidades sociolingüistas y culturales. Sin embargo, la evidencia señala que sus atenciones en el marco de la Ruta Integral de Atenciones se ven limitadas, porque no se implementan políticas que promueven la garantía de derechos, o se desconoce su cultura, sus necesidades y los ajustes razonables/ acciones afirmativas que requieren, para garantizar su inclusión como sujetos plenos de derechos en Colombia. Es por lo que, mediante el presente artículo, se exponen retos que tiene la gestión del INSOR y la responsabilidad de los diferentes sectores, principalmente salud, y/o entidades que trabajan la protección integral de los niños de 0 a 5 años, en la promoción y garantía de derechos para la atención y desarrollo feliz e integral, inclusión familiar y social, en el marco de la Ruta Integral de Atenciones RIA, desde los periodos de preconcepción y gestación de las madres sordas, hasta los niños de 0 meses a 5 años. Se plantea una metodología de enfoque cualitativo y de tipo reflexivo, basada en la analítica e interpretación del autor, recurriendo a fuentes originales e investigaciones fundamentadas por el INSOR en el tema de Primera Infancia Sorda, utilizando la metodología aplicada. Como resultado se pretende hacer evidente la necesidad de una atención diferencial con la población sorda, en los periodos de preconcepción y gestación de mujeres sordas, y niños sordos en la Primera Infancia, que parte de reconocer sus características y particularidades, requiriéndose un acompañamiento para la disminución de barreras por parte de quienes brindan atención en los diferentes entornos, principalmente en el entorno de la salud.
From a rights-based, differential, and dual perspective, the deaf population is recognized as social subjects deserving of special protection, characterized by sociolinguistic and cultural particularities. However, evidence indicates that their care within the framework of the Comprehensive Care Route is limited because policies promoting the guarantee of their rights are not implemented, or their culture, needs, and reasonable adjustments/affirmative actions required for their full inclusion as rights-bearing individuals in Colombia are not well understood. Therefore, through this article, challenges in the management of INSOR (National Institute for the Deaf) and the responsibility of different sectors, primarily healthcare, and entities working on the comprehensive protection of children aged 0 to 5, in promoting and ensuring their rights in care and holistic development, family and social inclusion, within the framework of the Comprehensive Care Route - RIA, from the preconception and gestation periods of deaf mothers to children aged 0 months to 5 years, are outlined. A qualitative and reflective approach methodology is proposed, based on the author's analysis and interpretation, drawing from original sources and research conducted by INSOR on the topic of Deaf Early Childhood, using the applied methodology. The aim is to highlight the need for differential care for the deaf population during the preconception and gestation periods of deaf women and deaf children in early childhood. This approach acknowledges their characteristics and particularities, requiring support to reduce barriers from those providing care in different environments, especially in healthcare settings.
RESUMO
Early detection of hearing loss in children under six months of age, is supposed an appropriate care for the acquisition and early development of a language, to ensure that children under a comprehensive care and quality of life as part of their human development, as well as respond to their rights as part of existing national policies around children. In this regard research attempted to know the status of some health services, in struc-ture, organization and institutional functioning in the framework of the General system of Social Security, in the promotion and prevention programs, It will be demonstrated (or evidenced) the correspondence among as stated from the legal level, include the business promoters of health EPS, assume the lenders of IPS ser-vices institutions and the benefit they get in assistance or service of quality in which hearing loss is detected early. The research methodology used was descriptive to characterize the territorial conditions of structure, organization and institutional functioning available to some IPS, to advance actions of promotion of the ear health and detection of hearing loss. The research method was observational qualitative approach to analítico-sintético, since that was expected to meet each of the parties that characterized the reality of the current state of the studied health services, through the review and documentary analysis of laws and the investigation of knowledge of administrative and healthcare professionals.