Medición de la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal en gestantes normales entre 21 a 23 semanas

Objetivos: Evaluar la factibilidad técnica para medir la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal en gestantes entre 20 y 23 semanas, y la correlación entre los valores obtenidos por ecografía abdominal versus ecografía vaginal. Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal. Lugar: Instituto Latinoamericano de Salud Reproductiva (ILSAR), Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes. Métodos: En 67 gestantes normales sin factores de riesgo para parto pretérmino (PP), entre las 20 y 23 semanas de gestación, se midió la longitud cervical, en 30 de ellas tanto por ecografía abdominal utilizando transductor convexo de 3-5 MHZ como por ecografía vaginal con transductor endocavitario de 5-7 MHZ. Principales medidas de resultados: Correlación de la medida de la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal y transvaginal. Resultados: En 65 gestantes se obtuvo una medida satisfactoria de la longitud del cérvix mediante ecografía abdominal (97% de casos). Se encontró correlación entre las mediciones por ecografía abdominal y vaginal (coeficiente Pearson 0,646, p<0,0001) y no existió diferencia significativa entre ambos valores (p:0,126) para IC del 95%. Conclusiones: En 97% de los casos estudiados se obtuvo una medida satisfactoria de la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal. Hubo correlación, sin diferencia significativa, entre las mediciones obtenidas por vía abdominal y vaginal.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of cervical length measurement by transabdominal ultrasound at 20-23 weeks of gestation and to correlate this measurements with those obtained by tansvaginal ultrasound. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Instituto Latinoamericano de Salud Reproductiva (ILSAR), Lima, Peru. Participants: Pregnant women. Methods: In 67 pregnant women with no risk factors for preterm delivery (PTD) measurement of the uterine cervix at 20-23 weeks of gestation was performed. Thirty women (30) underwent both transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound measurement. Main outcome measures: Correlation of uterine cervix measurement by abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. Results: The cervix could be measured satisfactorily by transabdominal measurement in 65 women (97%). There was a good correlation between transabdominal and transvaginal measurement (r<.0.646, p<0.001) and there was no significant difference between both measurements (p:0.126). Conclusions: The uterine cervix could be measured by transabdominal ultrasound in 97% of pregnant women. There was correlation between measurements obtained by transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound.

Medición de la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal en gestantes normales entre 20 a 23 semanas

Objetivos: Evaluar la factibilidad técnica para medir la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal en gestantes entre 20 y 23 semanas, y la correlación entre los valores obtenidos por ecografía abdominal vs. ecografía vaginal. Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal. Institución: Instituto Latinoamericano de Salud Reproductiva (ILSAR), Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes normales de 20 a 23 semanas de gestación. Métodos: Se midió la longitud cervical por ecografía a 67 gestantes normales sin factores de riesgo para parto pretérmino, entre las 20 y 23 semanas de gestación, con la finalidad de medir la longitud cervical. En 30 de las embarazadas se midió la longitud cervical por ecografía abdominal utilizando transductor convexo de 3-5 MHZ y por ecografía vaginal con transductor endocavitario de 5-7 MHZ. Principales medidas de resultados: Medida de la longitud del cérvix. Resultados: En 65 gestantes se obtuvo una medida satisfactoria de la longitud del cérvix mediante ecografía abdominal (97% de los casos). Se encontró correlación entre las mediciones por ecografía abdominal y vaginal (coeficiente de Pearson 0,646, p<0,001) y no existió diferencia significativa entre ambas mediciones (p: 0,126). Conclusiones: En 97% de los casos estudiados se obtuvo una medida satisfactoria de la longitud del cérvix por ecografía abdominal. Hubo correlación entre las mediciones obtenidas por vía abdominal y vaginal.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of measuring cervical by transabdominal ultrasound between 20 and 23 weeks of gestation and compare these measurements with those obtained by transvaginal ultrasound. Design: Crosssectional study. Setting: Instituto Latinoamericano de Salud Reproductiva (ILSAR), Lima, Peru. Participants: Normal pregnant women with no risk factors for preterm delivery (PTD). Methods: Cervical length was measured to 67 normal pregnant women 20-23 weeks by transabdominal ultrasound. In 30 women cervical length was measured by abdominal ultrasound using 3-5 MHZ convex transducer and by vaginal ultrasound with 5-7 MHZ endotransducer. Main outcome measures: Cervical length measurement. Results: The cervix was satisfactorily measured by transabdominal ultrasound in 65 women (97%). There was good correlation between transabdominal and transvaginal measurement (r<.0.646, p<0.001) with no significant difference between those measurements (p: 0.126). Conclusions: The cervix could be measured by transabdominal ultrasound in 97% of women. There was correlation between transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound measurements.

Disseminação do vírus da doença de Aujeszky, envolvendo o comércio de reprodutores suínos de reposição / Spread of virus of Aujeszky's disease by the trade of replacement swine breeders

Relata-se a disseminação da infeção pelo vírus da doença de Aujeszky (VDA) a partir da comercialização de reprodutores suínos oriundos de duas granjas de reprodutores suídeos certificada (GRSC) que tiveram surto da DA. Após a confirmação do diagnóstico de DA, os suínos comercializados 37 a 45 dias anteriores aos surtos foram recolhidos, submetidos ao exame sorológico para o VDA e enviados ao abate. Nos rebanhos-destino foram realizados exames sorológicos para o VDA 17 a 37 dias após o recolhimento, naqueles que estavam lojados nas baias vizinhas àquelas onde haviam sido alojados os suínos comprados; seis meses mais tarde, foi realizada outra sorologia por amostragem dos reprodutores. No total, 52 rebanhos compraram suínos das duas granjas, e, destes, 37 (69,8 por cento) receberam, pelo menos, um animal com sorologia positiva para o VDA. Somente sete (18,9 por cento) deles apresentaram sorologia positiva para o VDA, e em 30 (81,1 por cento), não houve indícios de disseminação da infecção. A contaminação pelo VDA de granjas GRSC representa enorme potencial para a disseminação da infecção, por meio do comércio de suínos de reposição. A rastreabilidade dos animais comercializados em um período anterior ao diagnóstico, com imediata remoção dos lotes de suínos dos rebanhos-destino, evitou a disseminação da infecção

It was reported the spreading of the infection caused by the virus of Aujesky's disease (VAD) by the commercialization of breeders originated from two pigs farms GRSC (Farms of Certified Swine Breeders - FCSB) which had an outbreak of Aujeszky's disease. After the positive diagnosis of Aujesky's disease, the pigs traded from 37 to 45 day before the outbreaks were removed from the herd, bled for serological exams for the VAD and sent to slaughterhouses. The herds which received these pigs were serologically tested for the VAD, 17 to 37 days after the removal of the animals. Serological tests were also performed in pigs lodged at neighboring cages to those which had been lodged with the pigs bought and a sampling test was done six months later. Thus, 52 flocks bought pigs from the farms 1 and 2. From those, 37 (69.8 percent) received at least one serum-positive pig for the VAD. Only seven (18.9 percent) of them were infected and 30 (81.1 percent) pigs showed no indications of infection by the VAD. The occurrence of VAD in FCSB farms represents huge potential for spreading of the VAD, by the trade of replacement pigs. The traceability investigation and removal of the animals traded before the diagnosis, with immediate removal of the positive lots of pigs at the destiny herd, avoided the spread of the infection

Comparação entre métodos de tuberculinização no diagnóstico da infecção por agentes do complexo Mycobacterium avium ou M. bovis em suínos / Comparative study of methods of tuberculin skin test with the avium and bovine tuberculin in the diagnosis of the infection by agents of the Mycobacterium avium-complex or M. bovis in swine

Avaliou-se a eficiência do teste de tuberculina intradérmico comparado, para identificar rebanhos suínos infectados com o complexo Mycobacterium avium (MAC), seu poder de discriminação entre rebanhos infectados com MAC e Mycobacterium bovis, e para estudar diferentes critérios de leitura e interpretação. Foram realizados três experimentos com rebanhos infectados naturalmente com MAC, com suínos inoculados com MAC e com suínos inoculados com M. bovis. Os testes foram comparados com a presença ou não de lesões macro e/ou microscópicas nos linfonodos de suínos em idade de abate. Verificaram-se reações cruzadas entre os testes intradérmicos, tanto com animais infectados com o MAC como com M. bovis. Reações acima de 0,5cm de diâmetro ou acima de 0,20cm no aumento da espessura da dobra da pele, entre a aplicação e a leitura, foram consideradas positivas no cálculo da média para rebanhos. Rebanhos infectados com MAC podem ser identificados por meio do teste intradérmico com PPD aviário e bovino. Tanto a medida do diâmetro quanto o aumento da espessura da dobra da pele das reações foram eficientes no diagnóstico da infecção por MAC. Recomenda-se a utilização do método da medição do diâmetro.

The efficiency of the tuberculin delayed-type skin hypersensitivity test was evaluated in swine. A comparison of the tuberculin skin tests was performed with avian and bovine protein derivatives (PPD), in the detection of Mycobacterium avium-Complex or M. bovis infected swine. The methods were evaluated as to define criteria for readings and results interpretation, to determine their capacity in detecting Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infected swine and their performance in differentiating MAC from M. bovis-infected individuals. Three trials were performed with naturally MAC-infected swine, experimentally MAC-infected or experimentally M. bovis-infected animals. The skin test readings positive or negative were, respectively, correlated to the presence or absence of gross lesions and histological alterations in lymph nodes at slaughter age. Reaction with both antigens were observed in MAC and M. bovis-inoculated animals as well. Reactions wider then 0.5cm in diameter or showing skin thickness increasing more then 0.2cm in the time frame between inoculation and reading were considered to be positive, as compared to the average results of the group. Herds with MAC-infected swine could be detected with either avian or bovine PPD. Both diameter and skin thickness were efficient in detecting MAC-infected swine, however, reading the diameter of the reaction was shown to be more easily and economically performed.