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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(3)jun. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388610

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The organoleptic characteristics of sucrose encourage its consumption in excessive amounts that result in increased body weight and possible involvement of other health indicators. In contrast, physical activity reduces body weight and promotes health and well-being, however the question remains as to what type of physical activity is the most effective to achieve those goals. The objective of the current study was to compare the effect of voluntary (VA) vs forced physical activity (FA) on body weight in organisms that consume sucrose daily. Twenty, three-month-old Wistar female rats were assigned either VA or FA; both groups were exposed to beverages with 8% sucrose concentration. The results showed that consuming sucrose daily increased body weight, despite being an active organism. However, this increase was by 11% in the VA group and 8.4% among the FA group. Therefore, although neither type of physical activity proposed in this study was effective to reduce body weight, FA influenced body weight gain less. Another interesting result was that VA registered a greater effect by reducing the consumption of sucrose. In conclusion, performing physical activity delays, but does not reverse, body weight gain from sucrose consumption.


RESUMEN Las características organolépticas de la sacarosa incentivan su consumo en cantidades excesivas que tienen como resultado el incremento del peso corporal y la posible afectación de otros indicadores de salud. En contraparte, la realización de actividad física reduce el peso corporal y favorece la salud y bienestar, pero ¿cuál es la manera más efectiva de realizar actividad física para lograr esos objetivos? Se planteó como objetivo comparar el efecto de la actividad física voluntaria (AV) contra el de la actividad física forzada (AF) sobre el peso corporal en organismos que consumen diariamente sacarosa. Se utilizaron veinte ratas hembras de la cepa Wistar de tres meses de edad, agrupadas en: (1) actividad voluntaria; (2) actividad forzada. Ambos expuestos a una bebida al 8% de concentración de sacarosa. Los resultados mostraron que consumir sacarosa diariamente incrementa el peso corporal, a pesar de ser un organismo activo. Sin embargo, este aumento fue en un 11% en AV y del 8.4% en AF. Por lo que, si bien ningún tipo de actividad física propuesto en este estudio fue efectivo para reducir el peso corporal, realizar actividad física de forma forzada influye en que la ganancia de el peso corporal sea menor. Otro resultado de interés, fue que realizar actividad física voluntaria registró un mayor efecto al reducir el consumo de sacarosa. En conclusión, realizar actividad fisica retrasa, pero no revierte la ganancia de peso corporal ante el consumo de sacarosa.

2.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 59(4): 358-368, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-588639

RESUMO

Las enfermedades gastrointestinales siguen siendo un problema de salud pública mundial. El avance de la ciencia muestra que cambios en el balance adecuado de la microflora intestinal (MI) juegan un papel crucial en la patogénesis. La evidencia apunta a que una manera de modular esta MI es a través del uso de oligosacáridos prebióticos, que estimulan el crecimiento de bacterias benéficas y que a la vez aumentan la resistencia a la invasión por patógenos. Estudios con animales indican que el consumo de carbohidratos prebióticos podría estar implicado en la prevención y tratamiento de diarreas. En infantes humanos sanos, los estudios revelan que el consumo de mezclas de prebióticas (galactooligosacáridos/fructooligosacáridos, inulina/galactooligosacáridos) disminuyen la incidencia de fiebre, de infecciones y de patógenos gastrointestinales. Lo anterior representa un gran potencial para los alimentos funcionales que los contienen, principalmente las fórmulas infantiles. Sin embargo, los estudios de prevención de diarreas mediante el suministro de prebióticos en personas con una microflora intestinal alterada no son concluyentes, sobre todo aquellos practicados en ancianos, personas con problemas crónicos de inflamación intestinal y personas con diarreas asociadas a la toma de antibióticos. Lo anterior nos indica la necesidad de estudios bioquímicos y microbiológicos más profundos en humanos de diferentes edades y condiciones de salud intestinal, a fin de determinar en que condiciones, los prebióticos tienen algún efecto sobre las infecciones.


Gastrointestinal disorders are still a main world public health problem. Scientific progress shows that and inadequate balance in intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Evidence indicates that one way to modulate the IM is through the use of prebiotics. These oligosaccharides stimulate the growth of benefic bacteria and increase the resistance to invading pathogens. Research using animals show that the consumption of prebiotics could be implicated in prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Studies in healthy infants also indicate that the consumption of prebiotic mixtures (galactooligosaccharides/ fructooligosaccharides, inulin/ galactooligosaccharides) decreases the incidence of fever, infections and pathogens. These results represent a great potential for functional foods that contain prebiotics, mainly the infant formulas. However, results of other clinical studies for prebiotics effects on diarrhea are not conclusive. Specially those studies that include patients with an altered IM (like the elderly), patients with chronic intestinal inflammation and with diarrhea associated to antibiotic treatments. There is a need for more biochemical and microbiological studies in humans at different ages and intestinal health conditions, in order to determine when prebiotics may effectively function on infections.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Enteropatias/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções , Inulina/uso terapêutico , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico
3.
Genet. mol. biol ; 29(1): 174-179, 2006. ilus, mapas, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-424755

RESUMO

Genetic differentiation in the Chilean blue mussel Mytilus chilensis (Hupé 1854) was investigated based on the variation in the allozyme frequencies of Pgm, Gpi, Icd, Me, Gsr, Lap and Pep in eight samples collected along 1800 km from Arauco (VIII Region) to Punta Arenas (XII Region). Despite the large geographic separations, values of Neis unbiased genetic distance, D (0.004-0.048) and standardised genetic variation among populations, Fst (0.011-0.055) were small. The levels of gene flow (Nm = 8) found in this study prevent the effect of differentiation among populations by genetic drift. This findings indicate that its long-lived planktotrophic larvae provides this species with considerable dispersal ability throughout its range which is favoured by the ocean currents along the chilean coast. In terms of management of the M. chilensis fishery, the results provide no evidence for discrete stocks, with the possible exception of the Punta Arenas population. Considering the intensive aquaculture activities with this species the present study provide preliminary data which can be used as a baseline for further characterization and /or monitoring these mussel populations.


Assuntos
Animais , Genética Populacional , Isoenzimas/análise , Mytilus/genética , Chile , Fluxo Gênico , Variação Genética
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