Morphological and molecular characterization of Isostichopus sp. in the Colombian Caribbean sea / Caracterización morfológica y molecular de Isostichopus sp. en el mar Caribe Colombiano

Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) are sea cucumbers widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea. Amongst them, Isostichopus badionotus is one of the most harvested species. It shows a wide range of morphotypes widespread in the Caribbean region including different habitats (muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and sea grass beds). In Colombia, three morphotypes can be distinguished; two of them live in sea grass beds while the third one is found on rocky substrates. The present study describes the morphological characteristics of these morphotypes and analyzes their genetic structures through 16S rDNA and COI data. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the morphotype living on rocky substrates is morphologically and genetically distinct from the two other morphotypes and might not correspond to I. badionotus, the only species of the Isostichopus genus previously reported for this region.

Isostichopus sp. (Aspidochirotida:Stichopodidae) son pepinos de mar ampliamente distribuidos en el mar Caribe. Entre ellos, Isostichopus badionotus es una de las especies mas cosechadas. Muestra un amplio rango de morfotipos extendidos en la region caribena, incluyendo diferentes habitats (fondos barrosos, arenosos y rocosos, y bancos de pastos marinos). En Colombia, se pueden distinguir tres morfotipos; dos de ellos viven en los bancos de pastos marinos mientras que el tercero se halla sobre sustratos rocosos. En el presente estudio se describen las caracteristicas morfologicas de esos morfotipos y se analizan sus estructuras geneticas mediante datos de 16S rDNA y COI. Nuestros analisis filogeneticos muestran que el morfotipo que vive sobre sustratos rocosos es morfologica y geneticamente distinto de los otros dos morfotipos y puede no corresponder a I. badionotus, la unica especie del genero Isostichopus previamente reportada para esta region.

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de sindrome metabolico en poblacion adulta del Departamento de Lambayeque, Peru - 2004 / Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults in Lambayeque, Peru - 2004

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo de síndrome metabólico en la población adulta del departamento de Lambayeque en el año 2004. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo, realizado en el departamento de Lambayeque; se incluyeron 1000 personas entre 30 y 70 años de edad mediante un muestreo probabilístico polietápico; se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y de presión arterial, así como análisis de glicemia, colesterol total, triglicéridos y HDL colesterol. Se usaron las definiciones de síndrome metabólico de la ATP III y de la Oficina Internacional de Información en Lípidos Latinoamérica (ILIBLA). Resultados: La prevalencia del síndrome metabólico según criterios ATP III es 28,3% (IC95: 25,4-37,1) y según ILIBLA es de 33,2% (IC95: 28,1-38,3), la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial es 17,8%, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de 3,3%, hipercolesterolemia 47,3%, hipertrigliceridemia 43,4%, HDL bajo 56,3%. La prevalencia de obesidad (índice de masa corporal e¼ 30) es de 30,2%, la obesidad central según circunferencia abdominal (ATP III) es 44,4% y según índice cintura cadera (ILIBLA) 63,3%. No se encontró asociación entre el SM y el consumo de pescado, dieta hipercalórica, actividad física, tabaco, alcohol, ocupación, sólo con el sexo masculino y la edad > o = 50 años. Conclusiones: Más de uno de cada cuatro adultos en el departamento de Lambayeque presenta síndrome metabólico, la proporción se incrementa conforme avanza la edad y es predominante en el sexo masculino según criterios ATP III.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults in Lambayeque, Peru in 2004. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross sectional, and descriptive study was performed in Lambayeque, including 1000 persons between 30 to 70 years of age, using a probabilistic multi-staged sampling procedure. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed, as well as glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol determinations were performed. ATPIII and Latin American Office for Information on Lipids definitions for metabolic syndrome were used. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII criteria is 28,3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25,4¨C37,1) and according to the Latin American Office it is 33,2% (95% IC: 28,1¨C38,3), prevalence figures for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL are 17,8%, 3,3%, 47,3%, 43,4%, and 56,3%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ¡Ý30) is 20,2%, central obesity using abdominal circumference (ATP III) is 44,4%, and using the waist-hip ratio (Latin American Office) it is 63,3%. No associations were found between metabolic syndrome and fish consumption, high-caloric diet, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and occupation. Being male sex and > or =50 years old were the only associations found. Conclusions: One out of four adults in Lambayeque has metabolic syndrome, the condition increases in frequency with age, and it is more prevalent in males, according to ATPIII criteria.

Osteopoiquilia: caso clínico / Osteopoikilosis: clinical case

We report a 35 years old female presenting with a right wrist pain. Physical examination was normal but, on a band X ray examination, multiple dense para-articular bone foci were observed. Studying the rest of the skeleton, similar alterations were found in pelvis, knees, feet, shoulders and elbows. Osteopoikilosis is an infrequent eclerotic bone dysplasia. Its diagnosis is made by the observation of multiple dense, nodular and symmetrical images of para-articular location on bone X ray examinations. It has no clinical or pathological importance. Thus, it must be distinguished from osteoplastic bone metastases