Prostate cancer: emerging pharmacotherapeutic modalities.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the world due to factors like old age, family history, ethnicity, diet and some elements exposure, with lot of controversies regarding prevention of prostate cancer. Though the exact pathogenesis is not clear, epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between prostate cancer and hormone levels. In this review article we are focusing on the advances in different pharmacotherapeutic modalities i.e. Chemoprevention, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Hormone Therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, SERM, Vaccines, Cryotherapy, Watchful Waiting, Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy etc. and new possibilities with strategies to provide maximal benefits while effectively balancing risks for the prostate cancer treatment.

Study of coronary artery atherosclerosis in sudden deaths and its medico-legal relevance.

The coronary artery diseases can play a crucial medico- legal role to decide the cause of sudden death whether natural or unnatural. There are certain occasions, when a person dies on the operating table or soon after surgery, and a coronary attack is probably the cause of death. A final coronary episode may sometimes be associated with an operative procedure supposedly due to hypotensive state. During driving or piloting a person may goes into a state of confusion because heart attack. In this state he may lose control and an accident can happen. These conditions indicate that intervention of Forensic Pathologist is significant to decide the actual cause of death apart from injury or disease of vital organs. We examine coronary arteries for atherosclerotic changes in 50 cases of sudden deaths. We observed that there were marked intimal thickening with luminal narrowing ≤ 75% of luminal diameter in 20 cases (40%) in total hearts. In natural deaths 17 cases (48.57%) showed luminal narrowing ≤ 75% of luminal diameter. These findings are suggestive of medico legal intervention to clarify the mode of death in some instances.

Abdominal organ involvement in blunt injuries.

Visceral injuries of the abdomen following blunt trauma present a great medico-legal problem to the forensic experts. Thus the doctor should remain alert to the development of signs and symptom after blunt trauma to the abdomen in vehicular accident otherwise he may be charged of negligence. Among 55 fatal cases of blunt abdominal injury, maximum number of cases belongs to the age group 20-29 yrs. Males were the predominant victims with ratio 4:1. It was found that road traffic accidents by heavy vehicle like bus; car and truck were responsible for 70% of blunt abdominal injuries. Among 55 cases of blunt injury, the incidence of the involvement of liver, spleen, small intestine, kidney, stomach and urinary bladder were 67%, 30.91%, 18%, 10.9%, 9.09%, 5% cases respectively. Genitals were found injured in 3% cases of blunt injury abdomen. For Blunt Injuries of Abdomen majority of the cases i.e. 78.18% were of accidental, 18.18% were homicidal and 3.6% suicidal in nature. Immediate cause of death was shock and hemorrhage and in those cases where death was delayed, cause of death was septicemia.

Original research paper age at menarche and affecting bio-social factors among the girls of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

The age at which first menstrual bleeding occurs in female, i.e menarche is viewed as an excellent physiological marker of adolescent maturation. The aim of this study is to determine the mean age at menarche among adolescent girls and to assess the influence of some Bio-social parameters affecting it.This study was conducted among 150 adolescent girls in the age group of 10 to 19 years, randomly selected from urban & rural government schools of Lucknow. 75 girls from each school were selected from November 2009 to March 2010. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Girls were studied about their socioeconomic status, weight, height, place of residence. Out of 150 cases studied 108 cases were having menstruation, most frequent age of menarche being 13 years when 32 cases (29.63%) had its onset. The lowest age was 8 years and highest was 15 year. Mean age at menarche was found to be 12.43 ± 1.49. There seems to be definite association of various factors which modify the age at menarche like socio-economic status, body mass index, place of residence.