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Background:Dichlorvos is an organophosphate used indiscriminately as a pesticide in homesand for agricultural purposes. This study evaluated the effects of its low dose sub-lethal chronic exposure on male reproductive function using an animal (Rattus norvegicus) model.Methodology:Three groups of rats were given dichlorvos at the dosages of 0.28mg/kg, 0.56mg/kg and 1.68mg/kg respectively on alternate days. The control group was given only plain drinkingwater. The experiment lasted for 50 weeks.Results: Dichlorvos induced a dosage variation effect on blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone but this was insignificant on levels of luteinizing hormone, oestrogen, progesterone and dihydrotestosterone. Prolonged treatment with dichlorvos had no overall influence on luteinizing hormone levels. The major histological findings in descending order of frequency included tubular atrophy and degeneration, germ cell depletion, germ cell exfoliation, tubular necrosis, spermatid retention and Leydig cell hyperplasia, each scored on a semi-quantitative scale. After 50 weeks of dichlorvos treatment, progesterone and oestrogen blood levels both had strong positive correlations with the frequency of germ cell exfoliation and residual bodies in the testes. In contrast, there was no statistically significant correlation between blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and dihydrotestosterone and the histological findings.Conclusion:This research evaluated the chronic effect of low dichlorvos exposure on reproductive function using an animal model. There was a strong positive correlation between progesterone and germ cell exfoliation and residual bodies. Oestrogen also correlated withgerm cell exfoliation, depletion and presence of residual bodies. Furthermore, the correlation between the blood hormone levels and histological changes in the testes was largely unpredictable
RESUMO
A 21 years old woman presented with a breast swelling of 4 years duration and with an associated pain of a more recent onset. On clinical examination, the mass was found to be firm, mobile and without attachment to the skin or surrounding structures. An excisional biopsy was performed based on a provisional clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma. However, histological evaluation showed the tumour to be a granular cell tumour. The clinical features of this rare tumour may mimic a variety of conditions and cause a diagnostic dilemma
RESUMO
Appendicitis is the leading cause of surgical admission in most hospitals in Nigeria and the removed appendix, a frequent surgical specimen in most routine histopathological laborato-ries in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to audit the appendectomy procedures in Benue State University Teaching Hospital. Sixty-two appendices removed for acute appendix in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria middle belt, over an 8-year period were analyzed. Twenty-eight (45%) were found to be normal, while 29 (46%) showed histopathological eviden-ce of acute inflammation. There were 5 (9%) cases of unusual pathologies which include a case each of metastatic adenocarcinoma and chronic granulomatous inflammation (2% each) and 3 (5%) cases of schistosomiasis. The Negative Appendectomy Rate (NAR) was 27% in females compared with 18% in males. Adult (>16 years) represented 29% of the NAR. The overall NAR was 45%. The NAR in this study is considerable higher when compared with existing literature. In a poor resource center like Benue State University Teaching Hospital, due diligence in taking detailed history coupled with good clinical examination cannot be over emphasized. The use of a combination of Total Leukocyte Count (TCC) and C-Reactive Protein (CPR) in every patient may help in reducing NAR, though it's definitely going to be impossible to eradicate it.