O eletrocardiograma nas síndromes coronarianas agudas / Eletrocardiographic findings in acute coronary syndromes

O eletrocardiograma é fundamental no diagnóstico das síndromes coronarianas agudas. A compreensão fisiopatológica e a identificação das anormalidades eletrocardiográficas relacionadas ao segmento ST, à onda T e ao aparecimento de ondas Q patológicas permitem, na maioria das vezes, fazer o diagnóstico e definir a opção terapêutica mais adequada. Partindo desse ponto de vista, recomendamos classificar os pacientes em dois grandes grupos: eletrocardiograma inicial com ou sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Isso porque a elevação do segmento ST geralmente se relaciona à obstrução coronariana e deve ser tratada com terapêutica trombolítica ou angioplastia coronariana primária. Por outro lado, as síndromes coronarianas agudas com eletrocardiograma inicial sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST apresentam aspectos fisiopatológicos diversos e devem ser tratadas de forma diferente.

Fatores de risco para doença aterosclerótica em estudantes de uma Universidade privada em Säo Paulo - Brasil / Risk factors for atherosclerosis in students of a private University in Säo Paulo - Brazil

Objective - To characterize the risk profile for atherosclerosis (AS) in adolescents and young adults of a private university in São Paulo. Methods - Clinical, nutritional, and laboratory parameters were evaluated in 209 students of both genders aged 17 to 25 years. In addition to determination of the lipid profile, the association of its abnormal values with other risk factors for AS was also investigated. Results - Increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides (TG) were observed in 9.1 per cent, 7.6 per cent and 16.3 per cent of the students, respectively, and decreased levels of HDL-C in 8.6 per cent of them. Prevalence of the remaining risk factors analyzed was elevated: sedentary life style (78.9 per cent); high intake (35.9 per cent); smoking, hypertension (15.8 per cent) and obesity (7.2 per cent). There was an association between elevated LDL-C and TG levels and sedentary life style and body mass index. Conclusion - The high prevalence of risk factors for AS in young individuals draws attention to the need for adoping preventive plans.